gardner_Relations of Responsibility

gardner_Relations of Responsibility

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时间:2019-08-18

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1、RelationsofResponsibilityJOHNGARDNER‘Toberesponsible,’saysAntonyDuff,istobeanswerable;answerabilityistoapersonorbodywhohastherightorstandingtocallmetoaccount....Claimsoftheform‘AisresponsibleforX’arethereforeincomplete:theymustbefilledoutbyspecifying...to

2、whomAisresponsibleforX.Thatspecificationneednotbeexplicit...butitmustbeavailable.(Duff2007,23-25.)Duffassociatesmewiththeoppositeview.Icanseewhy.Ihaveclaimedonmorethanoneoccasion(someoftheoccasionsarecollectedinGardner2007)thatresponsibilityisbasicallywha

3、titsoundslike:anabilitytorespond.Morepreciselyitistheabilitytogiveanaccountofoneself,torespondtothequestion‘Whydidyoudothat?’withatruestatementofone’sreasonsforhavingdoneit.Ihavedeniedthatthis‘basicresponsibility’(asIhavecalledit)isrelational.Thereisnobod

4、ytowhomitisowed.Foranabilitycannotbeowedtoanyone.Whatcanbeowedtosomeone,however,istheexerciseofanability.AndthisissurelywhatDuffhasinmindwhenhestandsupforhisrelationalideaofresponsibility.InDuff’ssense,Aisresponsibleifandonlyif(a)AhastheabilitythatIcallba

5、sicresponsibilityand(b)someone,callherB,hasarightthatthisabilitybeexercisedbyA(perhaps,butnotnecessarily,atB’soption).Ifthereisno(b)andnoB,thereisnoresponsibilityinDuff’ssense.Butthereisinmine.DuffandIhavenorealquarrelhere.Iagree(Gardner2007,194)thatthere

6、isasenseof‘responsible’thatmeetsDuff’srelationalspecification.Intoday’spoliticallingo,theword‘accountable’isoftenreservedforit.Likewise,Duffagrees(Duff2007,23)thatthereisasenseof‘responsible’thatmeetsmynon-2RelationsofResponsibilityrelationalspecification

7、.Moreinterestingisthequestion:whichisthemorebasicideaofthetwo?Duffthinksthatthenon-relationalresponsibilitythatIcallbasic‘canbeexplainedintermsofrelationalresponsibility’(Duff2007,23).Ifhemeansthatonecanspecifywhattheabilityisonlybyspecifyingwhatittakesto

8、exerciseit,thenclearlyheisright.Tounderstandanyabilityoneneedstounderstandwhatitisanabilitytodo.InthiscaseitisanabilityofAtogiveanaccountofherself,whichrequiresthattherebesomeonetogiveanaccountofherselfto.YetwhatIca

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