Harvey， D Considerations on the environment of justice.pdf

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1、7ConsiderationsontheenvironmentofjusticeDavidHarveyIntroductionIbeginwithacoupleofparadoxesthatmayberelevant.SomerecentjournalisticaccountsintheUnitedStateshavesuggestedthattheenvironmentaljusticemovementthereis‘sputtering’,thatitshoped-forpoliticalpotentialisnotbeingrealizedandthatitisfadingasapol

2、iticalforcefromthescene(Braile,1997).Ontheotherhand,rapidlyproliferatingconferencesandwritingsindicateaboomingtheoreticalandintellectualinterestinthetopic—particularlywithinthegrovesofacademia.Iamnotsurethisparadoxreallyexists(andIcertainlyhavenoconclusiveevidenceforit),butthemeresuggestionofitworr

3、iesme.Ithasobviousimplicationsforthequestionofanadequateenvironmentalethicsforthetwenty-firstcentury.Willallthetalkingandalltheconferencescontributetoordetractfromtheempoweredcapacityforpoliticalactiononthepartofthosewhosuffermostfromenvironmentalinjustice?Thesecondparadoxarisesoutofmyowngutrespons

4、etothequestion:‘Isauniversalenvironmentalethicpossibleordesirable?’—aquestionposedtokeynotespeakersattheconference‘EnvironmentalJustice:GlobalEthicsforthe21stCentury’,attheUniversityofMelbourne,inOctober1997.1foundmyselfsaying,‘Ofcourseitisimpossible—ofcourseitisdesirable.’Inthis,Iheardechoesofoneo

5、ftheslogansofthemovementof’68:‘Berealistic,demandtheimpossible!’Ithenwonderedhowthiscontradictoryresponsemightfoldintothefirst,moregeneralparadox.TheimpossibilityofauniversalenvironmentalethicItisnothardtoshowwhyauniversalenvironmentalethicissuchanimpossibleidea.Firstenumeratesomeofthemajoraxesofdi

6、fferentiationtobefoundwithinwhatislooselycalledtheenvironmentalmovement.Thenconsiderhoweachaxisproducesitsownpolarizedsenseofhowtoformulateanenvironmentalethic.Theaggregateresult,nomatterhowwecutit,isaplethoraofconfusingandchaoticconceptionsofenvironmentalethicsandjusticethatmuddyratherthanclarifyp

7、oliticalchoices.Tohammerthatpointhome,justconsidersomeofthemajoraxesofdifference:109110DavidHarveyEcocentricversusanthropocentricviewsDojusticeandethicslieinnature?Aretheynaturalvirtues,andifsohowdoweknowth