the idea of justice.pdf

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1、TheIdeaofJustice.TheIdeaofJusticeamartyasenTheBelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts2009InmemoryofJohnRawls©2009byAmartyaSenAllrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataSen,Amartya,1933-Theideaofjustice/AmartyaSe

2、n.p.cm.ISBN978-0-674-03613-0(alk.paper)1.Justice.2.Socialcontract.3.Rawls,John,1921-2002.Theoryofjustice.4.Ethics.I.Title.JC578.S4242009320.01’1--dc222009014924ContentsPrefaceviiAcknowledgementsxxiIntroductionAnApproachtoJustice1partiTheDemandsofJustice1ReasonandObjectivity312RawlsandBeyond52

3、3InstitutionsandPersons754VoiceandSocialChoice875ImpartialityandObjectivity1146ClosedandOpenImpartiality124partiiFormsofReasoning7Position,RelevanceandIllusion1558RationalityandOtherPeople1749PluralityofImpartialReasons19410Realizations,ConsequencesandAgency208vcontentspartiiiTheMaterialsofJu

4、stice11Lives,FreedomsandCapabilities22512CapabilitiesandResources25313Happiness,Well-beingandCapabilities26914EqualityandLiberty291partivPublicReasoningandDemocracy15DemocracyasPublicReason32116ThePracticeofDemocracy33817HumanRightsandGlobalImperatives35518JusticeandtheWorld388Notes417NameInd

5、ex451SubjectIndex462viPreface‘Inthelittleworldinwhichchildrenhavetheirexistence’,saysPipinCharlesDickens’sGreatExpectations,‘thereisnothingsofinely1perceivedandfinelyfelt,asinjustice.’IexpectPipisright:hevividlyrecollectsafterhishumiliatingencounterwithEstellathe‘capriciousandviolentcoercion’he

6、sufferedasachildatthehandsofhisownsister.Butthestrongperceptionofmanifestinjusticeappliestoadulthumanbeingsaswell.Whatmovesus,reasonablyenough,isnottherealizationthattheworldfallsshortofbeingcompletelyjust–whichfewofusexpect–butthatthereareclearlyremediableinjusticesarounduswhichwewanttoelimi

7、nate.Thisisevidentenoughinourday-to-daylife,withinequitiesorsubjugationsfromwhichwemaysufferandwhichwehavegoodreasontoresent,butitalsoappliestomorewidespreaddiagnosesofinjusticeinthewiderworldinwhichwelive.ItisfairtoassumethatParisianswouldno