资源描述：
《Conversation Analysis and Institutional Talk--Analyzing Distinctive Turn-Taking Systems英文电子资料.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、ConversationAnalysisandInstitutionalTalk:AnalyzingDistinctiveTurn-TakingSystemsJohnHeritage,UCLAIn:S.Cmejrková,J.Hoffmannová,O.MüllerováandJ.Svetlá(1998)(eds.)Proceedingsofthe6thInternationalCongresssofIADA(InternationalAssociationforDialogAnalysis),Tubingen:Niemeyer,pp.3-17.2Introd
2、uctionInthethirtyyearssinceitsinception,conversationanalysishasemergedasamajor,anddistinctivelysociological,contributiontotheanalysisofdiscourse.Duringthistime,discourseanalysishasacquiredconsiderableprominenceasafieldofinquiry.Correspondingly,conversationanalysishasgrownanddiversif
3、iedinmanydifferentdirections.ThesociologicaloriginsofconversationanalysisaretobefoundintheworkoftwogreatAmericanoriginators:ErvingGoffmanandHaroldGarfinkel.WithGoffman(1955;1983),conversationanalystsbeginwiththenotionthatconversationalinteractionrepresentsaninstitutionalordersuigene
4、risinwhichinteractionalrightsandobligationsarelinkednotonlytopersonalfaceandidentity,butalsotomacro-socialinstitutions.WithGarfinkel(1967),conversationanalystsrecognizethatanalyzingtheinstitutionofconversationintermsofrulesandpracticesthatimposemoralobligations,inthewaythatGoffmanst
5、ressed,needstobesupplementedbyrecognizingtheimportanceofintersubjectivity.Inparticular,thismeansfocusingonhowinteractionalrulesandpracticesareceaselesslydrawnuponbytheparticipantsinconstructingsharedandspecificunderstandingsof'wheretheyare'withinasocialinteraction.Centraltothisproce
6、ssisa'reflexive'dimensioninsocialaction:bytheiractionsparticipantsexhibitananalysisoranunderstandingoftheeventinwhichtheyareengaged,butbyactingtheyalsomakeaninteractionalcontributionthatmovestheeventitselfforwardonthebasisofthatanalysis.Inthissense,toadaptOttoNeurath'sfamousmetaphor
7、,theyarebuildingtheshipwhilealreadybeingoutontheocean.Mostoftheearlyworkinconversationanalysisfocusedon'ordinaryconversation'-atermthathascometodenoteformsofinteractionwhicharenotconfinedtospecializedsettingsortotheexecutionofparticulartasks.Ordinaryconversationisoftendefinednegativ
8、ely:weddingceremoni
