a comparative analysis of casual conversation and institutional talk

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1、AComparativeAnalysisofCasualConversationandInstitutionalTalk　　Abstract：Thisarticlereflectsontheprocessoftranscribingspokeninteractionandmakesacomparativeanalysisoftwodifferentvarietiesofspokeninteraction（casualconversationandinstitutionaltalk）.Bydoingso，itrevealshowthedifferentpurposesofspeec

2、hresultintheirdistinctivecharacteristics，andshowshowlanguageisstructuredtoconstructideationalmeanings（Field）andinterpersonalmeanings（Tenor）thatdefineeachcontext.Keywords：transcription；comparativeanalysis；casualconversation；institutionaltalk　　[中图分类号]H030　　[文献标识码]A　　[文章编号]1006-2831（2014）02-0139

3、-9doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-2831.2014.01.037　　1.Introduction　　Transcriptionisavaluabletoolto“freezeframeamoment”（Rex&Schiller，2009：10）.Itoffers“previouslyinvisiblechoices”（Rex&Schiller，2009：10）toprobeintoconversations，whichwouldotherwisebeevanescentinitsoriginalform.18Transcriptionexaminesbothh

4、owinteractantsemploydifferentgrammatical，lexical，discourse-organizational，prosodic，andparalinguisticfeaturestonegotiatemeaningsandachieveparticularpurposesindifferentdomainsoflife，andhowtheinterpersonalrelationshipisestablished，maintainedorchangedthroughtheconversation.Despitethegreatvalueoft

5、ranscription，itisnotafaithfulorobjectivewayinwhichtalkcanbewritten.Influencedbythepurposeoftranscribing，personallanguageideology，andthetensionbetweenreadabilityandaccuracy，transcribersmayhavedifferentdecisionsin“whattotranscribeandinhowmuchdetail”（Eggins，2000：148）.Therefore，transcriptionitsel

6、fisakindofinterpretationandrepresentation（Green，Franquiz&Dixon，1997）.Acomparisonofinstitutionaltalkwithcasualconversationwouldinparticularmakessalienttheirdistinctivelinguisticandnon-linguisticfeatures，showinghowthesechoicesenactdifferentsocialrightsandobligationsofeachroleoftheinteractants.I

7、naddition，acloseexaminationofthecharacteristicsofthetwotypesofinteractionhelpsrevealthedifferentpurposesofinteraction，as“thelinguisticformsandpatternsofinteractionbetweentheteacherandstudentswillbelinkedinsomewaytothepedagogicalpurposeswhicht