Francis Fukuyama - The End of History and the Last Man (1992, Free Press)

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1、FrancisFukuyan1aTHE:ENI)OFHISTORYANL)l�HEI�ASTMAN$24.95Asthetumultuoustwentiethcenturyshudderstowarditsclose-withthecollapseofcommunismleadingtoatransformationofworldpolitics-FrancisFukuyamaasksustoreturnwithhimtoaquestionthathasbeenaskedbythegreatphilosophersofcenturiespast:isthereadirectiontothe

2、historyofmankind?Andifitisdirectional,towhatendisitmoving?Andwherearewenowinrelationtothat"endofhistory"?Inthisexcitingandprofoundinquiry,whichgoesfarbeyondtheissuesraisedinhisworldfamousessay"TheEndofHistory?"inthesummer1989NationalInterest,Fukuyamapresentsevidencetosuggestthattherearetwopowerful

3、forcesatworkinhumanhistory.Hecallsone"thelogicofmodemscience"andtheother"thestruggleforrecognition:'Thefirstdrivesmentofulfillanever-expandinghorizonofdesiresthrougharationaleconomicprocess;thesecond,"thestruggleforrecognition:'is,inFukuyama's(andHegel's)view,nothinglessthanthevery"motorofhistory'

4、.'ItisFukuyama'sbrilliantlyarguedthemethat,overtime,theeconomiclogicofmodemsciencetogetherwiththe"struggleforrecognition"leadtotheeventualcollapseoftyrannies,aswehavewitnessedonboththeleftandright.Theseforcesdriveevenculturallydisparatesocietiestowardestablishingcapitalistliberaldemocraciesastheen

5、dstateofthehistoricalprocess.Thegreatquestionthenbecomes:canlibertyandequality,bothpoliticalandeconomic-thestateofaffairsatthepresumed"endofhistory"-produceastablesocietyinwhichmanmaybesaidtobe,atlast,completelysatisfied?Orwillthespiritualconditionofthis"lastman"inhistory,deprivedofoutletsforhisst

6、rivingformastery,inevitablyleadhimtoplungehimselfandtheworldbackintothechaosandbloodshedofhistory?(Continuedonbackjlap)(Continuedfromfrontflap)Fukuyama'scontemporaryconsiderationofthisultimatequestionisbothafascinatingeducationinthephilosophyofhistoryandathoughtprovokinginquiryintothedeepestissues

7、ofhumansocietyanddestiny.FRANCISFUKUYAMAisaformerdeputydirectoroftheU.S.StateDepartment'sPolicyPlanningStaff.HeiscurrentlyaresidentconsultantattheRANDCorporationinWashington,DC.1�1THEFREEPRESSADivisionofMacmillan