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1、FrancisFukuvamaTHEENDOFHISTORYANDTHELASTMANAsthetumultuoustwentiethcenturyshudderstowarditsclose—withthecollapseofcommunismleadingtoatransformationofworldpolitics—FrancisFukuyamaasksustoreturnwithhimtoaquestionthathasbeenaskedbythegreatphilosophersofc
2、enturiespast:isthereadirectiontothehistoryofmankind?Andifitisdirectional,towhatendisitmoving?Andwherearewenowinrelationtothat"endofhistory"?Inthisexcitingandprofoundinquiry,whichgoesfarbeyondtheissuesraisedinhisworld-famousessay"TheEndofHistory?"inthe
3、summer1989NationalInterest,Fukuyamapresentsevidencetosuggestthattherearetwopowerfulforcesatworkinhumanhistory.Hecallsone"thelogicofmodernscience"andtheother"thestruggleforrecognition'.'Thefirstdrivesmentofulfillanever-expandinghorizonofdesiresthrougha
4、rationaleconomicprocess;thesecond,"thestruggleforrecognition','is,inFukuyama's(andHegel's)view,nothinglessthanthevery"motorofhistory'.'ItisFukuyama'sbrilliantlyarguedthemethat,overtime,theeconomiclogicofmodernsciencetogetherwiththe"struggleforrecognit
5、ion"leadtotheeventualcollapseoftyrannies,aswehavewitnessedonboththeleftandright.Theseforcesdriveevenculturallydisparatesocietiestowardestablishingcapitalistliberaldemocraciesastheendstateofthehistoricalprocess.Thegreatquestionthenbecomes:canlibertyand
6、equality,bothpoliticalandeconomic—thestateofaffairsatthepresumed"endofhistory"—produceastablesocietyinwhichmanmaybesaidtobe,atlast,completelysatisfied?Orwillthespiritualconditionofthis"lastman"inhistory,deprivedofoutletsforhisstrivingformastery,inevit
7、ablyleadhimtoplungehimselfandtheworldbackintothechaosandbloodshedofhistory?(Continuedonbackflap)(Continuedfromfrontflap)Fukuyama'scontemporaryconsiderationofthisultimatequestionisbothafascinatingeducationinthephilosophyofhistoryandathought-provokingin
8、quiryintothedeepestissuesofhumansocietyanddestiny.FRANCISFUKUYAMAisaformerdeputydirectoroftheU.S.StateDepartment'sPolicyPlanningStaff.HeiscurrentlyaresidentconsultantattheRANDCorporationinWashington,DC.THEFREEPRESSADivisionofMacmillan,Inc.NEWY
