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1、OntheOriginofSpecies,6thEditionDarwin,CharlesPublished:1872Categorie(s):Non-Fiction,ScienceSource:Feedbooks1Note:ThisbookisbroughttoyoubyFeedbookshttp://www.feedbooks.comStrictlyforpersonaluse,donotusethisfileforcommercialpurposes.2"Butwithregardtothematerialworld,wecanatleastgosofarasthis
2、—wecanperceivethateventsarebroughtaboutnotbyinsulatedinterposi-tionsofDivinepower,exertedineachparticularcase,butbytheestab-lishmentofgenerallaws."—Whewell:"BridgewaterTreatise"."Theonlydistinctmeaningoftheword'natural'isSTATED,FIXEDorSETTLED;sincewhatisnaturalasmuchrequiresandpresupposesa
3、nin-telligentagenttorenderitso,i.e.,toeffectitcontinuallyoratstatedtimes,aswhatissupernaturalormiraculousdoestoeffectitforonce."—Butler:"AnalogyofRevealedReligion"."Toconclude,therefore,letnomanoutofaweakconceitofsobriety,oranill-appliedmoderation,thinkormaintain,thatamancansearchtoofarorb
4、etoowellstudiedinthebookofGod'sword,orinthebookofGod'sworks;divinityorphilosophy;butratherletmenendeavouranendlessprogressorproficienceinboth."—Bacon:"AdvancementofLearning".3AnHistoricalSketchOfTheProgressOfOpinionOnTheOriginOfSpecies,PreviouslyToThePublicationOfTheFirstEditionOfThisWorkI
5、willheregiveabriefsketchoftheprogressofopinionontheOriginofSpecies.Untilrecentlythegreatmajorityofnaturalistsbelievedthatspe-cieswereimmutableproductions,andhadbeenseparatelycreated.Thisviewhasbeenablymaintainedbymanyauthors.Somefewnaturalists,ontheotherhand,havebelievedthatspeciesundergom
6、odification,andthattheexistingformsoflifearethedescendantsbytruegenerationofpreexistingforms.Passingoverallusionstothesubjectintheclassicalwriters(Aristotle,inhis"PhysicaeAuscultationes"(lib.2,cap.8,s.2),afterremarkingthatraindoesnotfallinordertomakethecorngrow,anymorethanitfallstospoilthe
7、farmer'scornwhenthreshedoutofdoors,appliesthesameargumenttoorganisation;andadds(astranslatedbyMr.ClairGrece,whofirstpointedoutthepassagetome),"Sowhathindersthedifferentparts(ofthebody)fromhavingthismerelyacci-dentalrelationinnature?astheteeth,forexample,growby
