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1、RobertDarwinCharles1809.2.12—1882.4.19 InShrewsbury,England TheBritishnaturalist OriginofSpeciesCharlesRobertDarwinwasbornonFebruary12,1809inShrewsbury,England.DarwinwasbornonthesamedayasAbrahamLincoln.HewasthefifthchildandsecondsonofRobertWaringDarwin.Darwinwasthe
2、Britishnaturalistwhobecamefamousforhistheoriesofevolutionandnaturalselection.Likeseveralscientistsbeforehim,Darwinbelievedallthelifeonearthevolved(developedgradually)overmillionsofyearsfromafewcommonancestors.Darwin'stheoryofevolutionaryselectionholdsthatvariationwith
3、inspeciesoccursrandomlyandthatthesurvivalorextinctionofeachorganismisdeterminedbythatorganism'sabilitytoadapttoitsenvironment.“Ihavecalledthisprinciple,bywhicheachslightvariation,ifuseful,ispreserved,bythetermNaturalSelection.”Hesetthesetheoriesforthinhisbookcalled,On
4、theOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelection,orthePreservationofFavouredRacesintheStruggleforLife(1859)or“TheOriginofSpecies”forshort.AfterpublicationofOriginofSpecies,Darwincontinuedtowriteonbotany,geology,andzoologyuntilhisdeathin1882.Darwin'sworkhadatremendousimpact
5、onreligiousthought.Manypeoplestronglyopposedtheideaofevolutionbecauseitconflictedwiththeirreligiousconvictions.Darwinavoidedtalkingaboutthetheologicalandsociologicalaspectsofhiswork,butotherwritersusedhistheoriestosupporttheirowntheoriesaboutsociety.Darwinwasareserved
6、,hardworkingscholarwhoconcernedhimselfwiththefeelingsandemotionsnotonlyofhisfamily,butfriendsandpeersaswell.IthasbeensupposedthatDarwinrenouncedevolutiononhisdeathbed.Shortlyafterhisdeath,temperancecampaignerandevangelistLadyElizabethHopeclaimedshevisitedDarwinathisde
7、athbed,andwitnessedtherenunciation.HerstorywasprintedinaBostonnewspaperandsubsequentlyspread.LadyHope'sstorywasrefutedbyDarwin'sdaughterHenriettawhostated,“Iwaspresentathisdeathbed...Heneverrecantedanyofhisscientificviews,eitherthenorearlier.”That’sall!thankyou!
