The relationships between low levels of urine fluoride on children’s intelligence,

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1、JournalofHazardousMaterials186(2011)1942–1946ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofHazardousMaterialsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jhazmatTherelationshipsbetweenlowlevelsofurinefluorideonchildren’sintelligence,dentalfluorosisinendemicfluorosisareasinHulunbuir,InnerMongolia

2、,ChinaYunpengDinga,1,YanhuiGaoa,1,HuixinSuna,HepengHana,WeiWanga,XiaohongJia,XuehuiLiub,DianjunSuna,∗aCenterforEndemicDiseaseControl,ChineseCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,HarbinMedicalUniversity,Harbin150081,Heilongjiang,ChinabHulunbuirCityInstituteforEndemicDiseaseControl,Zalantun

3、162650,ChinaarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Therehasbeenpublicconcernaboutchildren’sintellectualperformanceathighlevelsoffluorideexpo-Received28October2010sure,butfewstudiesprovidedatadirectlytothequestionofwhetherlowfluorideexposurelevelslessReceivedinrevisedformthan3.0mg/Lindrinkingwat

4、eradverselyassociatedwithchildren’sintelligence.Inthissurvey,weinves-18December2010tigatedtheeffectsoflowfluorideexposureonchildren’sintelligenceanddentalfluorosis.331childrenAccepted20December2010agedfrom7to14wererandomlyrecruitedfromfoursitesinHulunbuirCity,China.IntelligencewasAvailable

5、online25December2010assessedusingCombinedRavenTest-TheRuralinChinawhiledentalfluorosiswasdiagnosedwithDean’sindex.Meanvalueoffluorideindrinkingwaterwas1.31±1.05mg/L(range0.24–2.84).UrinefluorideKeywords:wasinverselyassociatedwithIQinthemultiplelinearregressionmodelwhenchildren’sageasacovari

6、-UrinefluorideIQatevariablewastakenintoaccount(P<0.0001).Eachincreasein1mg/LofurinefluorideassociatedwithDentalfluorosis0.59-pointdecreaseinIQ(P=0.0226).Meanwhile,therewasadose–responserelationshipbetweenurineChildrenfluorideanddentalfluorosis(P<0.0001).Inconclusion,ourstudysuggestedthatlowle

7、velsoffluorideexposureindrinkingwaterhadnegativeeffectsonchildren’sintelligenceanddentalhealthandcon-firmedthedose–responserelationshipsbetweenurinefluorideandIQscoresaswellasdentalfluorosis.©2010ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.Introduction5749-2006)[12].However,moststudiesex