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1、SECTIONIIMPROVEMENTOFAGRONOMICANDMICROBIALTRAITS1INSIGHTSINTOTHESTRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONOFACYL-CoA:DIACYLGLYCEROLACYLTRANSFERASERODRIGOM.P.SILOTO,QINLIU,ANDRANDALLJ.WESELAKEAgriculturalLipidBiotechnologyProgram,DepartmentofAgricultural,FoodandNutritionalScience,University
2、ofAlberta,4-10Agriculture/ForestryCentre,Edmonton,Alberta,CanadaT6G2P5XIAOHUAHEANDTHOMASMCKEONWesternRegionalResearchCenter,UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,Albany,California94710,USA1.1Introduction1.2DiscoveryofDGAT1.3MembranetopologicalorganizationofDGATs1.4Align
3、mentofDGAT1Polypeptides1.5AlignmentofDGAT2Polypeptides1.6StructureofDGATGenes1.7FunctionalmotifsinDGAT11.8FunctionalmotifsinDGAT21.9SubcellularlocalizationofDGATs1.10ConclusionsandfutureresearchAcknowledgmentsReferencesBiocatalysisandBiomolecularEngineering,EditedbyCh
4、ingT.HouandJei-FuShawCopyrightÓ2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.34STRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONOFACYL-CoA:DIACYLGLYCEROLACYLTRANSFERASE1.1INTRODUCTIONProductionofvegetableoilshasbeenrecognizedasarapidlydevelopingfieldinplantbiotechnologythatgoesbeyondfood-basedapplications.Manykindsofveg
5、etableoilsareusedinsoapsandcosmeticsorconvertedtooleochemicalsthatareextensivelyusedtoreplacepetrochemicalsinpaints,plastics,fuels,andlubricants.Thedemandforbiodegradablechemicalsappliedtoindustrialproductshasbeenincreasing,andthereforeaboostintheproductionofvegetable
6、oilsandfatsisneeded.Biotechno-logicalapproachesincludingtraditionalplantbreedinganddirectgenomemodifi-cationthroughgeneticengineeringarecrucialtoolstoincreaseseedoilproductionwithoutextendingtheareaofcropcultivation,whichhasadirectimpactondeforestationandcompetitionwit
7、hfoodproduction.Moreover,evenadiminutiveincreaseinseedoilcontentreflectsinconsiderableprofitability.Despitetheunprec-edentedadvancesderivedfrommoleculargeneticsandgenomicsresearchonthebiochemicalpathwaysofplantlipidmetabolisminthelastdecade,themechanismsregulatingseedoi
8、lcontentarenotfullyunderstood.ManyaspectsofkeyenzymesarenotyetdeterminedeveninmodelplantssuchasArabidopsisthaliana(Hildebran
