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1、E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.5/2000/CRP.310May2000EnglishOnlyCOMMISSIONONHUMANRIGHTSSub-CommissiononPromotionandProtectionofHumanRightsWorkingGrouponMinoritiesSixthsession22-26May2000MINORITYRIGHTSANDTHEPREVENTIONOFETHNICCONFLICTSPaperpreparedbyDrFernanddeVarennes,Director,Asia-PacificCe
2、ntreforHumanRightsandthePreventionofEthnicConflictPerth,AustraliaGE.00-13786-2-1.INTRODUCTIONAcountryshouldbejudgedonthebasisofhowittreatsitsminorities.GandhiSincetheendoftheColdWar,mostconflictsworldwidehavebeenwithinstates,andinmostcaseshaveeruptedthroughethnicorcommunitym
3、obilisationovergrievances.Someofthemostterriblerecentexamplesarethelong-standingconflictsinSriLankaandSudan,andthegenocideintheareaoftheGreatLakesinCentralAfrica.Thispaperwillexploretheissuesofwhyethnicviolenceeruptandwhatcanbedonetopreventit,focusingonthecentralfunctionofmi
4、norityrights.Asthefollowingsectionswillshow,minorityrightsmaybeabletoplaythisrolebyaddressingtherootcausesforthetensionswhichmayleadtoethnicconflicts,especiallyasthesetypesofconflicttendtoberelatedtoissuesofstatepreferencesandthetypeofbalancethathumanrightsstandardsseektoatt
5、ain.AmongtheareastobeexploredaretowhatdegreegovernmentsareactuallyneutralintermsofethnicpreferencesinstateswhereethnicconflictshaveeruptedandhowinternationalstandardsrelatingtotherightsofminoritiesasdescribedintheUNDeclarationontheRightsofPersonsBelongingtoNationalorEthnic,R
6、eligiousorLinguisticMinorities(hereaftertheUNDeclaration)canmoderatetheethnicpreferencesofgovernments.2.PRECONDITIONSFORCONFLICTS[T]heImperialCityhasendeavouredtoimposeonsubjectnationsnotonlyheryoke,butherlanguage,asabondofpeacebuthowmanygreatwars,howmuchslaughterandbloodshe
7、dhaveprovidedthisunity.SaintAugustine,TheCityofGod(circa410)Toexplainthecausesofethnicconflictanditsspecialbrandofviolence,manytheorieshavebeendeveloped.But,todate,notheorycoversalltypesofethnicconflictandthecircumstancesinwhichtheyoccur.Contrarytowhatisoftenbelieved,manyeth
8、nicconflictsdonotbeginasaquestforterritorialsovereignty,butinreactiontogrie
