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1、EthnicLawandMinorityRightsinChina:ProgressandConstraints*BARRYSAUTMANWesterndiscourseonhumanrightsinChinatypicallyassumesthatChina'sminorityrightslawmustbeashambecauseChinaisanauthoritarianstate.Inthe1980sand1990s,however,Chinahasarticulatedan"ethnicla
2、w"thatelaboratesrightsandpreferencesthatminoritiesvalue.Atthesametime,People'sRepublicofChinaethniclawisinadequatetogranttheidealizedrangeofminorityrightsclaimedbytheChinesestate,andsomerightsarebeingerodedbythemarketizationofChina'spoliticaleconomy.Th
3、emostnotableweaknessesintheethniclawsystemincludethefailuretoenlargethescopeofethnicregionalautonomy,alackofpreferentialpoliciessufficienttooffsetthegrowthoftheeconomicgapbetweenHanandminorityareas,andaninadequateprogramforovercomingantiminoritybias.Wh
4、ileanemergingminorityeliteisastabilizingfactorinminority-staterelations,additionalmeasurestoexpandminorityrightsarerequired,someofwhicharesuggestedbythepoliciesofotherAsianstates.Tibetanshaveneverhadasmanyrightsastheydonowandtheywillhavemoreandmoreinth
5、efuture.GyaincainNorbu,chairmanofChina'sTibetAutonomousRegionalgovernmentinaspeechtotheNationalPeople'sCongressBeijing(AgenceFrancePresse(AFP)1997a).I.INTRODUCTIONThedebateabouthumanrightsinthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)appearsasacontestbetweenChinese
6、andWesterners,withcriticsoftendubbedbyPRCofficialsas``foreignhostileforces''or``enemyWesternforces''(JilinRibao1996;Reuters7March1997).WhilesomeWesternersdonotethatlegalreforminChinahasproducedadvancesinhumanrights(Wain1997;Saich1997),oneaspectofhumanr
7、ightsinChinaremainsverymuchunderappraisedintheWest.ItiscommontoreadthatinChina``minorityrightsaresuppressed''(WashingtonPost25March1997)orthatPRCauthorities``persecutetheethnicanddemocraticconsciousnessofminoritynationalities''(APN1996).*Addresscorresp
8、ondencetoBarrySautman,DivisionofSocialScience,HongKongUniversityofScience&Technology,ClearwaterBay,Kowloon,HongKong.Telephone:852-2358-7821;fax:852-2335-0014;e-mail:sobarrys@ust.hk.LAW&POLICY,Vol.21,No.3,July1999ISSN0265±8240#BlackwellP
