Ethnic Minority-Majority Asymmetry in National Attitudes around the World：A Multilevel Analysis

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1、PoliticalPsychology,Vol.31,No.4,2010doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00766.xEthnicMinority-MajorityAsymmetryinNationalAttitudesaroundtheWorld:AMultilevelAnalysispops_766491..520ChristianStaerkléUniversityofLausanne,SwitzerlandJimSidaniusHarvardUniversityEvaG.T.GreenUniversityofLausanne,SwitzerlandLudwin

2、E.MolinaUniversityofKansasUsingdatafromtheInternationalSocialSurveyProgramme,thisresearchinvestigatedasymmetricattitudesofethnicminoritiesandmajoritiestowardstheircountryandexploredtheimpactofhumandevelopment,ethnicdiversity,andsocialinequalityascountry-levelmoderatorsofnationalattitudes.Inlinewitht

3、hegeneralhypothesisofethnicasymmetry,wefoundthatethnic,linguistic,andreligiousmajoritiesweremoreidentifiedwiththenationandmorestronglyendorsednationalistideologythanminorities(H1,33countries).Multilevelanalysesrevealedthatthispatternofasymmetrywasmoderatedbycountry-levelcharacteristics:thedifferenceb

4、etweenminoritiesandmajoritieswasgreatestinethnicallydiversecountriesandinegalitarian,lowinequalitycontexts.Wealsoobservedalargerpositivecorrelationbetweenethnicsubgroupidentificationandbothnationalidentificationandnationalismformajoritiesthanforminorities(H2,20countries).Astrongeroverallrelationshipbe

5、tweenethnicandnationalidentificationwasobservedincountrieswithalowlevelofhumandevelopment.Thegreatestminority-majoritydifferencesintherelation-shipbetweenethnicidentificationandnationalattitudeswerefoundinegalitariancountrieswithastrongwelfarestatetradition.KEYWORDS:Ethnicity,NationalIdentity,National

6、ism,Diversity,Inequality,Multiculturalism4910162-895X©2010InternationalSocietyofPoliticalPsychologyPublishedbyWileyPeriodicals,Inc.,350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148,USA,9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,andPOBox378CarltonSouth,3053VictoriaAustralia492Staerkléetal.Nearlyallcountriesaroundtheworldarecompos

7、edofethnic,linguistic,orreligiousminorityandmajoritygroups(Gurr,2000;Horowitz,2000).Oneofthemajorquestionswithrespecttothisdiversityconcernstherelationshipminoritiesandmajoritiesdevelopwiththeirsupero