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1、TheTheoryof MoralSentiments道德情操论第一卷论行为的适宜性PartOneOftheProprietyofAction21TheTheoryof MoralSentiments道德情操论第一篇论适宜性SectionⅠOftheSenseofPropriety21TheTheoryof MoralSentiments道德情操论第一章论同情Chapter1OfSympathy人天生存在怜悯或同情的本性,这种情感是人人都有的,只是可能因品行的高低差异而感受到的强弱不同。对于别人的感受我
2、们只能通过想象获知,我们所体会的痛苦或悲伤并不是他人实际的感觉,这些自我感觉在一定程度上与我们的想象力成比例。大量事实表明,我们会对受难者的感受和动作具有类似的感受并做出相似的动作。可以将“同情”理解为“怜悯”或“体恤”,但是它同样可以用来表示对任何一种激情的同感。同情有时候来自对一些人情绪的观察,有时候在真正了解情况之前,激情已引起了我们的厌恶和反感。激情也会由于其表现性质不同而产生不同的影响。悲伤或高兴只能影响感受到同样情绪的人,而有关命运的想法却引起一般人的关切,因此将同情理解为看到激发这种激情的
3、境况而产生的,似乎好过于理解为看到对方的激情而产生的。如母亲担心婴儿,人们同情死者一样,是由于内心的害怕和恐惧,使得痛苦的滋长无法控制。H owselfishsoevermanmaybesupposed,thereareevidentlysomeprinciplesinhisnature,whichinteresthiminthefortuneofothers,andrender21TheTheoryof MoralSentiments道德情操论theirhappinessnecessarytohim
4、,thoughhederivesnothingfromitexceptthepleasureofseeingit.Ofthiskindispityorcompassion,theemotionwhichwefeelforthemiseryofothers,whenweeitherseeit,oraremadetoconceiveitinaverylivelymanner.Thatweoftenderivesorrowfromthesorrowofothersisamatteroffacttooobvio
5、ustorequireanyinstancestoproveit;forthissentiment,likealltheotheroriginalpassionsofhumannature,isbynomeansconfinedtothevirtuousandhumane,thoughtheyperhapsmayfeelitwiththemostexquisitesensibility.Thegreatestruffian,themosthardenedviolatorofthelawsofsociet
6、y,isnotaltogetherwithoutit.Aswehavenoimmediateexperienceofwhatothermenfeel,wecanformnoideaofthemannerinwhichtheyareaffected,butbyconceivingwhatweourselvesshouldfeelinthelikesituation.Thoughourbrotherisupontherack,aslongasweourselvesareatourease,oursenses
7、willneverinformusofwhathesuffers.Theyneverdid,andnevercan,carryusbeyondourownperson,anditisbytheimaginationonlythatwecanformanyconceptionofwhatarehissensations.Neithercanthatfacultyhelpustothisanyotherway,thanbyrepresentingtouswhatwouldbeourown,ifwewerei
8、nhiscase.Itistheimpressionsofourownsensesonly,notthoseofhis,whichourimaginationscopy.Bytheimaginationweplaceourselvesinhissituation,weconceiveourselvesenduringallthesametorments,weenterasitwereintohisbody,andbecomeinsomeme