in-medium nuclear interactions of low-energy hadrons

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1、In-mediumnuclearinteractionsoflow-energyhadrons∗E.Friedman†1andA.Gal‡11RacahInstituteofPhysics,TheHebrewUniversity,Jerusalem91904,Israel(Dated:February1,2008)AbstractExoticatomsprovideauniquelaboratoryforstudyingstronginteractionsandnuclearmediumeffectsatzerokineticener

2、gy.Experimentalandtheoreticaldevelopmentsofthelastdecadeinthestudyofexoticatomsandsomerelatedlow-energyreactionsarereviewed.Theexoticatomsconsideredareofπ−,K−,p,¯Σ−,andalsothesofarunobservedΞ−atoms.Theanalysisoftheseatomicsystemsconsistsoffittingdensitydependentopticalp

3、otentialsVopt=t(ρ)ρtocompre-hensivesetsofdataofstrong-interactionlevelshifts,widthsandyieldsacrosstheperiodictable.Theseprovideinformationonthein-mediumhadron-nucleontmatrixt(ρ)overawiderangeofdensitiesuptocentralnucleardensities.Forpionsthereviewfocusesontheextraction

4、oftheπNin-mediums-waveinteractionfrompionicatoms,whichincludealsotherecentlyobservedatGSIdeeplyboundπ−atomicstatesinisotopesofSnandPb.AlsoincludedarerecentmeasurementsatPSIofelasticscatteringofπ±onSi,Ca,NiandZrat21.5MeV.Theexperimentalresultsareanalyzedinthecontextofch

5、irallymotivatedπ-nuclearpotentials,andtheevidenceforpartialrestorationofchiralsymmetryindensenuclearmatteriscriticallydiscussed.ForantikaonswereviewtheevidencefromK−atoms,andalsofromlow-energyK−pscatteringandreactiondataforandagainstadeepK¯-nucleuspotentialof150-200MeV

6、attractionatnuclearmatterdensity.ThecaseforrelativelynarrowdeeplyboundK−atomicstatesismade,essentiallyindependentofthepotential-depthissue.RecentexperimentalsuggestionsfromKEKandDAΦNE(Frascati)forsignalsofK¯-nucleardeeplyboundstatesarereviewed,anddynamicalmodelsforcalc

7、ulatingbindingenergiesandwidthsofK¯-nuclearstatesarediscussed.Forkaonswereviewtheevidence,fromK+totalandreactioncrosssectionmeasurementsattheAGS(BNL)onLi,C,SiandCaatplab=500−700MeV/c,forsignificantabsorptivityoftKN(ρ)beyondthatexpectedfromtfreeKNwithintheimpulseapproxim

8、ation.AttemptstoexplaintheextraabsorptivityfortherelativelyweakinteractionofKmesonsintermsofahypotheticalexoticS=+1pe