05第三讲 明末清初的西学翻译 第二部分严复

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1、Lecture3(continued)严复（1854—1921）ApioneerinseekingtruthfromtheWestandthefirstChinesewhosystematicallyintroducedWesternlearningtoChinainmodernChinesehistory.中国近代史上向西方国家寻找真理的“先进的中国人”之一。我国近代史上第一个把西方资本主义经典著作系统地介绍到中国来的人。EightfamoustranslationsbyYanFu:言译八大名著：1)EvolutionandEthicsbyThomasHenryHuxley（《天演

2、论》赫胥黎原著）,translatedin1895andpublishedin1898,whichbroughthiminstantsuccessandmadehisnameknownalloverChina.Itpromulgatedtheideologyofsocialevolutionthat“thefittestsurvivesinthenaturalselection”andthat“thesuperiorisselectedwhiletheinferioriseliminated.揭示“物竞天择、适者生存，优胜劣汰”的社会进化思想Beingfirsttheoretical

3、workonphilosophyintroducedintoChina,TianyanLunexertedafarandwideinfluenceamongChinesepeopleandbecamethetheoreticalfoundationforthereformersinsearchoftruthofsavingthenationfromextinction.近代引进的第一部哲学理论著作,成为当时维新派救国图存的重要理论基础。2)AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNationsbyAdamSmith(orshortene

4、dWealthofNations《原富》亚当·斯密原著），thefirsttranslatedworkoneconomicsinmodern-timeChina;3)TheStudyofSociologybyHerbertSpenser(《群学肄言》斯宾塞),amasterworkonsociology；4)AHistoryofPoliticsbyE.Jenks(《社会通诠》甄克斯),amasterworkonsociology;5)SystemofLogicbyJohnStuartMill(《穆勒名学》),afamousworkonlogics;6.LogicbyWilliamSt

5、anleyJevons(《名学浅说》（后改名《名学》，耶芳斯)，amasterworkonlogics;7).TheSpiritoftheLawbyMontesquieu(《法意》孟德斯鸠)，aclassicalworkonthescienceoflaw;8)OnLibertybyJohnStuartMill(《群己权界论》约翰·穆勒)，animportantworkonbourgeoisiepoliticalscience;Thesubjectofthesetranslationsincludepolitics,economy,philosophy,law,ethics,socio

6、logy,etc.involvingvariousfieldsofsocialsciences.内容囊括政治、经济、哲学、法律、伦理、社会学等诸多社科领域。Theywerecalled“EightfamoustranslatedworksbyYanFu”inChinesetranslationhistory.严译“八大名著”或严译“八经”。Withaclearpurpose,YanFuwasveryselectiveastowhattotranslate.WhathetranslatedandintroducedintoChinawasthequintessenceoftheWest

7、ernlearning,andhistranslatedworksputtogether,constitutedarelativelyintegralideologicalsystemofadministeringacountry.严复所选择的这些书都是西学的精髓，这些著作合在一起，可以构成一个相对完整的治国的思想体系。HeselectedEvolutionandEthicsfortranslationwiththepurposeofmakingtheCh