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翻译部分(原文)平凡的世界译文标题,、1+、(译文)TheOrdinaryWorld原文译文第17章Chapter17幵学已经两个多星期,孙少平还没有机Ithadbeentwoweekssincethenewterm会和郝红梅单独说话。started,butSunShaopingstillgotnochancetotalktoHaoHongmei.他看见红梅换了一件半旧的红格子布InSunShaoping'seyes,Hongmeihad衫,好像变了另外—人似的。大概由于一beenmadeoverintoatotallydifferentpersonin个假期在家里,这个季节吃的东西又比较多theoldred-checkedblouse.Sinceonewouldbe一些,她原来很瘦削的脸颊现在看起来丰满moreleisuredatthesummervacationandhave了许多。已经度过了半年的城市生活,她也agoodappetiteinthisseason,hergauntface懂得把自己农村式的“家娃”头,像城市姑nowlookedplumperthanbefore.Shehas娘一样扎起了两个短辫;力n上自做的、T?工alreadyspenthalfayearintown,thusshe精细的方口鞋和一■条看起来足新买的天蓝色understoodhowtochangehercountrified裤子,简直让人都认不出来这就是郝红梅了。hairstyleintotwoshortbraids,makingherself其实她无非就是把原来的一身补钉衣服换成lookmorelikeatowngirl.Moreover,Hao了没有补钉的衣服。这个小小的变化,就使Hongmeicouldhardlyberecognizedwiththose一个本来不显眼的人,一下子很引人注目了。handmadesquaredshoesandthenewsky-blue同时也应该承认,郝红梅本来就具备那种漂trousers.Infact,allshehaddonewastochange亮姑娘的脸型和身段。如果有--身比现在更herpatchedclothesintonone-patchedones,but漂亮的衣服,就很难看出这姑娘是来自农村thissmallalterationsuddenlyturnedthisplain了。girlintoastrikingbeauty.Ofcourse,onecouldnotbutacknowledgethatHaoHongmeiwasbomwithaprettyfaceandaslenderfigure.Ifshedressedherselfinmoreelegantclothes,itwouldbequitedifficulttonoticethatthisgirlwasactuallyfromasmallvillage.孙少平看见她,心中就会荡起一股热辣Wheneversheappeared,astreamof1 辣的激流,有时甚至感到呼吸都有了困难。agitatedriptidewouldbearousedinSunShaoping'sheart,andsometimesthisstrongfeelingevenmadehimfeelhardtobreathe.当然,他自己的衣M还是老模样。一身Ontheotherhand,Shaopingstillworethe家织的老粗布,尽管金波妈给他裁剪成制服sameoutfitmadeofoldcoarse-clothasbefore.式样,但仍然不能掩饰它本质上的土气;力nAlthoughJinBo'smotherhadcutitouta上暑假给家里砍柴,被活柴活草染得腕里腕uniformstyle,theclothitselfstilllooksrustic.脏,开学前快把家里蒸馍的半碗碱面用光了,SinceShaopinghadnootherclothes,hehadto还是没有洗净。他看着这身叫他伤心的衣服,wearthissuitevenwhendoingdirtyworkin真想一把脱了扔掉。可自己很快又苦笑了:thesummervacation.Thusthesuitwassoiled扔掉只得光身子跑!唉,最使他脸红的是,bymudandfirewood.Inordertowashitclean,他这么大了,连个裤极都做不起。晚上睡觉,Shaopinghadalmostuseduphalfbowlofsoda人家都脱了长衣服穿着裤衩,他把外衣一脱whichwassavedformakingsteamedbuns,but就赤条条—丝不挂了invain.Atthesightoftheseclothes,hereallywantedtogetridofthem.Butshortlyafterhewouldforceasmile,forheknewthathewouldhavenothingtowearifhethrewthemaway.Indeed,themostembarrassingthingwasthatasayoungman,heevencouldn'taffordunderpants.Whileotherswenttosleepwiththeirunderpants,Shaopingwouldbetotallynakedoncehestrippedhistrousersoff.但不论怎么说,他现在有一个甜蜜的安Butnomatterwhathappened,hestillhad慰:就他这副穷酸样,班里也许是最俊的女asweetcomfort;HaoHongmei,probablythe子还和他相好哩丨让侯玉英见鬼去吧!她就mostbeautifu丨girlinthedass,wasonintimate是想和他好,他也不愿意呢!这倒不是嫌她termswithhim.TohellwithHouYuying!Even的腿假如红梅的腿是跟的,他也会和她相ifHouYuyinglikedhim,hewouldn'tbe好的!willingtobewithher!It'snotbecauseofHouYuying'scrippledleg;evenifHongmei'slegwerecrippledtoo,hewouldbewithher‘anyway.可是眼看半个多月过去了,少平还是没Nowhalfamonthhaspast,butShaoping能和红梅拉几句话。这倒不是说连一点机会stillhasnochancetotalktoHongmei.It'snot也没。其实他们单独碰见过好多次,但不知becausehehadn'tgetthechance.Actually,they她为什么又像上学期那样躲幵了而且常havemetaloneforseveraltimes,butShaoping2 常看来是有意回避他!coiildn’tunderstandwhyHongmeialwaysgotawayfromhimlikeshedidinlastterm.ItseemedthatHongmeiwasinclinedtoavoidhim!少平对此摸不着头脑。想来想去,他连Shaopingwascompletelyatalossforthe—点原因也找不出来。wholething.Hethoughtitoverandoveragainbutstilldidn'thaveaclue.不过,他现在还没忙着像上学期一样陷However,thingsweredifferentfromlast入苦恼之中。他猜想:也许红梅家里有什么term.Thistimehehadn'tbeenoverwhelmed事,她心理烦乱,才不愿意和他说话。withagonyyet.Heguessedthatmaybesomethinghappenedwithherfamily;thereforeshewasinatumultandunwillingtotalktohim.但看来她又没什么烦乱!相反,她却比Butnothingseemedtobebotheringher.上学期活跃多了。现在甚至每天卜午吃完饭,Instead,shebecamemuchmoreactivethanlast在男女混杂的篮球场J:,都能看见她说说笑term.Afterthedinnertime,shewouldshowup笑和同学们’块玩呢!ontheplayground,laughing,chatting,andplayingbasketballwithherclassmates.于是,有一天下午,少平看见红梅又在Oneafternoon,ShaopingsawHongmei篮球场上的时候,他自己也就?摸着进了场。playingbasketballontheplayground,sohe这并不是比赛,两边篮板下都有许多男女同soughtanopportunitytojointhem.Thegame学,站成-个卞.圆,谁捉住球,谁投篮。不theywereplayingwasdifferentfromthe管谁,投了’次篮紧接着又拿到球的时候,normalbasketballmatch.Inthisgame,boys就传给另外一个人他们都是高中生了,己andgirlsshouldstandinasemi-circleunderthe经懂得规矩和礼貌。backboard,andtheonewhogottheballhadthechancetoshootabasket.Ifonecaughttheballforthesecondtime,heshouldpasstheballtoanotherperson.Fortheywerealreadyhighschoolstudents,theywouldbehavewellandshowgoodmannersinthegame.少平看见红梅投r次篮后,球乂一次Shaopingsawtheballwentbackinto回到她手里。肴她准备给别人传时,少平就Hongmei’shandsafterashot.Sinceit'stime在她后边说:“给我一个!”forhertopasstheballtotheothers,Shaopingleaptatthechanceandsaid“Passmetheball!"红梅不会没有听见他说话,但她没有理It’simpossibleforHongmeinottohear 他,甚至连头也没有回,把球传给了另外一whathesaid,butsheignoredhim,andeven边的班长顾养民。didn'tturnbacktolookathim.Instead,shepassedtheballtoGuYangmin,themonitor,whostoodattheothersideofher.本来少平已经伸出了手,但却又不得不Havingstretchedouthishands,ShaopingSWi:地把手缩回来。刹那间,他感到浑身的hadtodrawbackthemawkwardly.Inasplit血都向脸上涌来,眼睛也好像蒙上一层灰雾,second,hefelthisbloodswarmingintohisface远远近近什么也看不清楚了。andhiseyesbeingdimedwithmist.Everythingfarandnearwassuddenlyinablur.他正要转身走幵,金波给他把球传过来。Hewasabouttoturnaroundandwent他勉强把球逮住,又略膊软绵绵地把球还给away,whileJinbopassedtheballtohim.He金波,一个人转身出了学校操场。grudginglycaughtitandthrewitbacktoJinbowithhisfatiguedarms,turningaroundandwalkedaway.他出了操场,又毫无目的地出了校门,Withoutknowingwherehewasheading昏昏然然来到街道上,最后又糊里糊涂转到for,Shaopingwalkedoutoftheschoolgate.了县城外边的河滩上Muddleheadedandconfused,hewentintothestreetandfinallycametotheriverbankoutsidethecountyseal.他立在黄昏中的河边,目光呆滞地望着Hestoodatthebankintheduskand似乎不再流动的水,感觉到脑子里一片空白。glazedoverattheriverwhichseemedlikea包括痛苦在内的一切,暂时都是模糊的就stagnantpoolofwater.Feelingcompletelylost像他莫名其妙地来到这河边一样。inhismind,hewentnumbtoeverything,includingtheanguishinhisheart.在慢慢恢复了思考能力的时候,他先在Whenhegraduallyrecoveredhis心里说:我这才知道红梅为什么不理我了!consciousnessofthinking,hesaidsilentlyto她显然已经和顾养民好了himself,"nowIknowwhyHongmeiignoredme!Itissoclearshe'salreadybeenwithGuYangming."红梅和顾养民是什么时间里好的?在上Butwhendidtheybetogether?Attheend个学期结束的时候,她还给他的《创业史》oflastterm,whenshereturnedthebookThe里夹了几块白面饼,使他激动得热泪韶Builders‘backtohim,shedidputseveral眶假期里,红梅[h]了农村,而顾养民的pancakesinit,whichmadehimfeelsoexcited家在城里,不可能在这期间那么,就在thathiseyesevenbrimmedoverwithwarm‘TheBuilders:Anovel,whichwaswrittenbyLiuQingandwastranslatedbySidneyShapiro.4 这下半年开学的儿个星期里,她就和他相好tears.Thenhowdidthishappen?Hongmeihad了吗?孙少平只能这样判断stayedathomeinthevillageforthewholesummervacationwhileGuYangminglivedintown;therewasnochanceforthemtoseeeachotherduringthistime.So,itmusthavehappenedinthefirstfewweeksofthenewterm.SunShaopingcouldonlyimaginethewholething.他的判断是对的。郝红梅正是在这几个Hewasright.Itwasjustinthesefew星期里,和顾养民好起来了。weeksthatHaoHongmeistarteddatingwithGuYangmin.这个家庭成份不好的女孩子,从小在担HaoHongmei,whowasofthethen惊受怕中长大。她小的时候,她爷还活着,politicallydangerousfamilybackgroundofa戴个地主帽子,一家人在村里抬不起头。她landlord,grewupinalifeconditionwhichwas刚上小学的第二年,“文化大革命”幵始了,Mloffearandanxiety.Whenshewasalittle村里的贫下巾农造反队,打着红旗,扛着镢girl,hergrandfather,oncealandlord,wasstill头,-夜之间,就把她家里的房屋院落别成alive,andthewholefamilywasweigheddown了--堆废墟。贫下中农企图挖出老地主埋在bythelandlordstatus.Inthesecondyearofher地下的金银财::5和“变天账”,结果除刨出一primaryschool,theGreatCulturalRevolution个当年安土神时埋卜的空瓦罐外,什么也没started.TheRevolutionaryRebelTeamofthe有搜寻到。但他们已经没了家,只能在旁边poorandlower-middlepeasants,withredflags一个原来喂牲U的草棚里栖身。她爷在当年intheirhandsandhoesontheirshoulders,就死了但她爷的地主帽子并没有埋进他的razedtheirhouseandthecourtyardtothe坟墓,而作为主要的遗产留给了父亲和她。groundovernight.Theywantedtodigoutsome她父亲是地主的儿-/?,她是地主的孙子。在treasuresandthe"come-backlist"‘theold现在的概念中,这和地主本人并没多大的差landlordhidunderground,butnothingwas另丨Jofoundexceptanemptyjarwhichwasburiedduringthesacrificialceremonytotheearthgod.Sincethen,theyhadlosttheirhomeandlivedinathatchedhut.Hergrandfatherdiedinthesameyear.Thelandlordhat,insteadofbeingburiedinthetomb,wasbequeathedtoherfatheraswellasherself.Sinceherfatherwasthesonofalandlord,andshewasthe‘come-backlist;keepone'srecordsinexpectationofacome-back.5 grandchild,therewasactuallynodifferencebetweenalandlordandanoffspringofalandlordinthecurrentsituation.就是背着这样沉重的政治包揪,她在社Withthisheavypoliticalburdenonher会的白眼和歧视中,好不容易熬到了县高中。shoulders,shesufferedcontemptuouslooksand由于她在这样的境况中长大,小时候就学的discriminationsfromthesocietyandhadahard很乖巧,在村里尊大尊小,叔叔婢姊不离口,timeuntilsheenteredtheseniorhighschool.因此在贫下中农推荐本村的孩子上初中和高Sinceshewasbroughtupinsuchaspecial中时,村里人都没有卡她。至于她家的光景,environment,shehadbeenverysensibleever当然已经破落得一塌糊涂。惟一能说明过去sinceshewasalittlegirl.Inthevillage,she发达的迹象,就是一张折了一条腿的破太师alwaysrespectedtheolderpeopleandtook椅。现在一家几口人,只能靠父亲一个人的goodcareofthesmallones.Wheneversheran工分来养活。遇个灾荒年,国家发下来的救intotheelders,shewouldsweetlyaddressthem济款和救济粮,不用说他们家也沾不上一点asuncleoraunt.Thereforewhenthepoorand边;全家人只好饥一顿饿一顿凑合着过日子。lower-middlepeasantsrecommendedthe—家人多少年来都把希望寄托在她身上,盼childrenintheirvillagetogotohighschoolor她能给这个败落的家庭带来一丝光明;因此seniorhighschool,theydidn'tbaffleher不管家里穷到什么程度,父母亲也咬着牙坚becauseofheridentity.Asforherfamily,itwas持供她上学actuallyinacompletemess.Theonlythingwhichcouldindicatetheprosperityinthepastdayswasanold-fashionedwoodenarmchairwithonelegbroken.Atpresent,thewholefamilywassupportedbyherfather,whoearnedworkpoints'intheproductionteam.Duringtheyearsoffamine,itwentwithoutsayingthattheycouldn'tshareevenashredofthegovernmentreliefbecauseoftheirparticularidentities.Thewholefamilyhadnochoicebuttosufferfromhungerandekedoutabareliving.Formanyyears,shewastheonlyanchorageofthewholefamily,whoexpectedhertobringlightandhopeforthisdecliningfamily.Therefore,nomatterhowpoorthe‘workpoints:aunitindicatingthequantityandqualityoflaborperformedandtheamouniofpaymentearnedinruralcommunes.6 familywas,herparentsstillperseveredinsupportinghereducation.郝红梅很早就认识到了她不幸的人生和HaoHongmeihadrealizedherunfortunate对一家人负有的使命。严酷的生活使她过早lifeandherresponsibilityforthewholefamily地成熟起来。她表面上看来很平板,但很有atanearlyage.ThehardHfehadcompelledher;已、i十。tobemoreprecociousthanherpeers.Shelookedsimpleanddull,butdeepinherheart,shewasaverycalculatinggirl.郝红梅由于自己坎坷的生活经历,实际Becauseofherroughlifeexperience,Hao上已经懂得了许多成年人的事包括爱情Hongmeihadalreadyunderstoodmanyadult和婚姻。但她和孙少平幵始的交往中,还没affairs,includingloveandmarriage.Atthe有这方面的意思。她自己早有盘算:她家成beginning,shewasjusthavingafriendly份不好,光景巧、好,她自己要寻个好人家,relationwithSunShaopingandwasnotready找个有钱男人,将来好改变自己家庭的命运。foraseriousrelationship.Herparentshave父母亲把全家未来的希望都寄托在她身上,restedthefamily'swholeftitureonherown;但她己明0,一个女孩子,成份又不好,consequenUy,shehadalreadypremeditated上学只能到高中就到头r,毕了业还得回乡everything:sinceshecamefromafamilyof劳动至于将来推荐上大学,她家的成份是politicalandeconomicdisadvantages,theonly绝对不可能的。丨大1此,她只有寻个好婆家、wayforhertochangethedestinyofthefamily好对象,才有可能改变她和全家人的状况wastomarryarichman.Butsheknewexactly这也许是惟一【丨丨行的道路。如此说来,她自thatasalittlegirlofsuchbackground,shehad己现在穷成这个样子,怎么可能把命运交给nochoicebuttogobacktothevillageandtake一个和她同样穷的男人呢?partinlabouraftergraduationfromtheseniorhigh.Asfortherecommendationtothecollege,itwasabsolutelyimpossibleforher.Onlybymarryingadecentyoungman,couldshechangethefamily'ssituationaswellasherowndestiny.Maybethiswastheonlyfeasibleway.So,accordingtothepresentsituation,howcouldshebestowherdestinyonamanwhowasaspoorasshewas?因此,她和孙少平的接近,基本上是一Inthisway,hercloserelationshipwith种怜悯怜悯别人,也让别人怜悯自己。SunShaopingwasbasicallytheexpressionofsympathy—bothforhimandherself.但她并不完全小视孙少平。这个贫困的Butshehadneverlookeddownuponhim.7 男生,身上似乎有一种很不一般的东西倒Itseemedthatthispoorboypossessedavery究是什么她也说不清楚。另外,他虽不算很uniquepersonality,whichshecouldnotexplain漂亮,但长相很有特点,个码高大,鼻梁直clearly.Besides,althoughhewasnotquite直的,脸上有一股男性的顽强,眼睛阴郁而handsome,hestillowneddistinctivefeatures.深沉。如果这人是千部子弟,或者说就是农Hewastall,withafinelychiselednoseand民子弟,但家里光景好,门外又有工作的亲deepeyes,whichshowedhismanlyfortitude.If戚比如像田润生那样的家庭,说不定她也hecamefromaseniorcadrefamilyora会动心的。但这些方面孙少平什么也没有。peasant'sfamilywithgoodfinancial她侧面听说少平一家人都在农村受苦,穷得backgroundandrelativesworkingoutside,just只有一孔土窗洞likeTianRunsheng'sfamily,shemightseriouslythinkaboutbeingwithhim.ButSunShaopinghadnothingofthesefactors.ShehadheardthatShaoping'sfamilyhadbeenbearingahardlifeinapoorvillage.Thewholefamilyhadnonebutonecave-housetolivein.但毕竟他们命运相似,使她对这个男生Sincetheyhadsimilarlifeexperiences,her内心充满了亲切的感情。在这个她得不到友heartwasstillfilledwithfriendlysensationfor爰的世界里,孙少平对她来说就是宝贵的。Shaoping.Inthisrelentlessworldwhereone只是那次侯玉英用污蔑性的语fr,:巧众攻击couldhardlyenjoyreallove,thefriendship她是孙少平的“婆姨”时,她才感到又急乂withSunShaopingwasespeciallypreciousfor气又恼恨。她到这县城的高中是:?有所图的her.OnlywhenHouYuyingusedinsulting说不定在这两年中,她能高攀+个条件好wordstoabuseherasSunShaoping's的男人。侯玉英这样一闹,舆论就把她和孙girlfriend,hadshefeltanxiousandbeing少平拾在了一■起。这使她多么被动啊!她恨offendedaswellasindignantaboutthewhole侯玉英,也对少平有点怨气谁让你那么多thing.Actually,shehadanulteriormotiveof情,每次劳动都给我发一把好工具哩丨enteringthisschool一thatwasinthesetwoyears,shemighthavethechancetogetacquaintedwithamanwithgoodrankandfamilybackground.ButwithHouYuying'sup-making,nowsheandSunShaopingwereinpublicopinion,whichwouldthrowherintoanembarrassingsituation.ShehatedHouYuying.Inthemeanwhile,shealsohadsomecomplaintsagainstShaoping---whotoldyoutobesoself-sentimenta]andwhyyoualways8 gavemethebesttoolateverylabortime.因此,她便渐渐幵始和孙少平疏远了。Therefore,shegraduallyestrangedherself她要让众人看见,她郝红梅并不是孙少平的fromSunShaoping.Shewantedeverybodyto“婆姨”knowthatshewasnothis“girlfriend”,notbyanymeans.这样一晃就是儿个月。临近放假的几天,Severalmonthshadelapsedinaflash.As她才突然发现,在她那个破旧的箱底下,还theholidaydrewnear,Hongmeisuddenly放着她借孙少平的一本《创业史》。她立刻感noticedthatthebookTheBuilderswhichshe到一种深深的内疾。她几个月没理少平,还borrowedfromSunShaopingstilllayatthe把他的书压了这么长时间没有还他。她知道bottomofhershabbysuitcase.Allofasudden,这书少平也是借文化馆的,现在马上要放假,herheartwasfilledwithadeepfeelingof他肯定很着急地要给人家还。唉,这个孙少remorse.ShehadignoredShaopingformonths,平!你为什么不幵口问我要呢?可她又一想,butstillkepthisbookforsuchalongtime.She这要怪她自己,她应该主动给人家还嘛!knewthatShaopingborrowedthisbookfromtheCulturalCentre.Sincethevacationwasabouttostart,Shaopingmustbeveryanxioustoreturnit.SunShaoping,what'sthematterwithyou?Whydidn'tyouaskmeforthebook?Butonsecondthought,sheunderstoodthatshewastheonewhoshouldbeblamed,forsheoughttoreturnthebookinthefirstplace.在临近放假的最后一个星期天,她匆忙OnthefinalSundayofthisterm,she地跑到男生柄舍给少平还书。少平没在。金hastilyranuptotheboys'dormitorytoreturn波告诉她,孙少平回家去了。她只好折身回thebook,butShaopingwasoutatthattime.了自己的宿舍。JinbotoldherShaopinghadgonehomealready,soshehadtogobacktoherowndorm.回到宿舍后,她收拾东西时发现自己的Returningtothedormitory,shestartedto干粮袋里还有几块白面饼。夏收开始后,她packherluggageandfoundoutthattherewere星期天回去常出山捡麦穗,母亲就用这麦子fewpancakesinherhaversack.Whenthe磨了点面给她烙r几张饼。她吃/儿块,剩summerharvestbegan,sheoftenwalkedoutof卜的这些舍不得吃,一直放着。她突然产生thehillstopickupearsofwheatonSundays,了一个愿望:把这几块饼连同书…块送给孙andhermotherwouldgrindtheearsintoflour少平,以弥补她没有及时还书的过失。andbakeseveralpiecesofpancakeforher.Shehadeatenafewofthemandkepttherest,becauseshewasnotwillingtoealthemallina9 shorttime.Then,itoccurredtoherthat:whynotgivethesepancakestoShaopingtogetherwiththebook,tomakeupthemistakeofnotreturningthebookintime.于是,她把这几块白面饼夹在那本《创Thensheputtheremainingpancakesin业史》里,在黄昏时转到校园里等孙少平回betweenthepages,andatdusk,shewenttothe来。她看见孙少平进了学校以后,又实在没schoolyardandwaitedforShaopingtocome勇气当面把这书和饼交给他,就釆取了只有back.ButwhenShaopingappeared,shethen他们这个年龄才会有的那样一种浪漫方suddenlylosthercourageandwastootimidto法facehim.Sosheusedaromanticwaywhichonlytheyouthoftheiryearswouldchoose.这一?学期开学后,她的一切也并没有什Infact,shewasstilleverythingshehas么改变。只是到了夏天,她还有一身没补钉been.Theonlydifferentthingwasthatasthe的衣服可以穿,因此不像冬天那样看起来过summercame,shecouldwearasuitofclothes分寒酸。正因为有这么一身衣服,她也才有withnopatchesonit,whichmadeherseem心思把自己的头发整理了一下,自我感觉浑nattierthanshewasinwinter.Becauseofthis身利索了不少。以前由于自惭形移,她常+suit,shewasintuneforsettingherhair,and愿到公共场所去露面。现¢:,这身服装使自foundherselfvigorousbothinappearanceand己鼓起了一点勇气,每-?下午丨“]学们玩篮球mind.Sheusedtofeelashamedofherungainly的时候,她也敢去了。不过,她还不愿进场,appearanceandwasalwaysreluctanttoshow只是站在场边上看别的男女同学们玩。herselfinpublic.Sincetheclotheshelpedherinpluckingupthecourage,shenowhadtheconfidenceanddaredtoplaybasketballwithherclassmateseveryafternoon.Insteadofwalkingintotheplayground,sheoftenstoodattheside,watchingotherboysandgirlsplayingthegame.那天下午,她像往常一样,又站在篮球Onthatparticularafternoon,shewas场边上看别人打球,他们班的班长顾养民突standingatthesideandwatchingothersplaying然给她抛过来一个球,并且很亲切地说:“你thebasketballjustasusual,whenthemonitor来玩吧!为什么老站在外面看呢?”她笨拙GuYangminsuddenlypassedtheballtoher,地接住顾养民抛来的球,满脸通红,把球又andsaidamiably,“comeon!Don'tjuststand扔给场内别的女同学。这些女同学就都来拉there!”She,whosefacereddenedallover,她,她只好胆怯而兴奋地走上了篮球场。awkwardlycaughttheballandgaveittoanothergirlontheplayground.Thegirlscame10 toherandpulledherintotheplayground,thusshefinallywalkedintoitwithtimidityandexcitement.从这以后,她几乎每天下午都专操场打Sincethen,Hongmeiwouldgotothe篮球。没过多少时间,她就成了女生中“式playgroundalmosteveryafternoon.Shesoon子”最硬的—个。becamethebestplayeramongthegirls.在这期间,班长顾养民对她渐渐热情起Duringthistime,themonitorGuYangmin来了,玩球中间,常常在有意和无意之间,hadgraduallyshowedhisenthusiasmto对她微微一笑,并且得到球后,往往都抛给Hongmei.He,intentionallyornot,alwaysgave了她。在班上一些集体活动中,他也有意把herafaintsmilewhileplayingthegame;她和他分在一块,嗽空子和她说这说那besides,wheneverhecaughttheball,hewouldpassittoher.Whenthereweresomegroup-activitiesintheclass,hewouldalwayscountherintohisgroupandtalkedtoherwheneverhegotthechance.郝红梅的精神突然被一缕强烈的阳光照HaoHongmei'sheartwassuddenly亮了。她梦寐以求的就是像顾养民这样的人。illuminatedbyastrongbeamofsunlight.All顾养民的父亲是他们黄原地区师范专科的副shehaddreamtofwasayoungmanlikeGu校长,母亲是地区建筑公司的工程师,他袓Yangmin.Yangmin'sfatherwasthedeputy父又是这个县远近闻名的老中医大夫。养民headmasterofHuangyuanJuniorNormal从小跟祖父长大,一直在原西县上学。他学College,hismotheranengineeroftheDistrict习好,又是班长,年岁虽然比她才大一岁,ConstructionFirmandhisgrandfathera何就像一个教师一样有风度。现在,这个全well-knownherbalistdoctorinthiscounty.班女生常羡慕地谈论的人,竟然对她如此青Yangminwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather,睐,真叫她有点受宠若惊。andspenthisformerschoolyearsinYuanxicounty.Hebehavedwellinstudy,andmoreover,hewasthemonitoroftheclass.Althoughhewasonlyoneyearolderthanher,hisbehaviorwasaselegantandgracefulasayoungteacher.Now,tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinthegoodgraceoftheonewhomthegirlsintheclasswerealwaystalkingabout,whichmadeherfeeloverwhelminglyflattered.和出众的顾养民一比较,孙少平一下子Shaopingwassuddenlyovershadowedby变得點然失色了。她于是想方设法和顾养民GuYangmin,whostoodoutbothinfamily11 接近,和他攀谈,和他一块打篮球,让他喜backgroundandindividualabilities.Hongmei欢她。相反,她对孙少平产生了一种厌烦的dideverythingpossible-chattingandplaying情绪,千方百计躲避和他说话、交往。basketballwithhim-toapproachYangminandtrytomakehimbefondofher.Meanwhile,shestartedtofeelboredandimpatienttowardsSunShaoping,tryingeverymeanstoavoidtalkingtohimorbeingtogetherwithhim.郝红梅看得出来,这学期幵学后,孙少HaoHongmeicouldseethatsincethenew平一直想找机会和她说话,但她都有意回避termstarted,SunShaopinghadsoughtevery了。叫人生气的是,今天下午她正兴致勃勃opportunitytotalktoher,butshedeliberately地和养民他们打篮球,这个不识高低的人,evadedhim.Whenshewasanimatedlyplaying竟然让她给他传球!她故意不给他,而把球basketballwithYangminandotherclassmates,给了顾养民。她要以此让他明白:她现在已thisannoyingguyevenaskedhertopassthe经和班长好上了balltohim!Howoffensivewashe!ThereforesheintentionallypassedtheballtoGuYangmininsteadofhim.Bythis,shewantedtotellhimthatshewasalreadyspokenfor.第18章Chapter18孙少平站在黄昏中的河岸边,思绪象乱Standingattheriversideinthedusk,麻一般纷扰。他明白,从今往后,郝红梅再Shaoping’smindwasinacompleteturmoil.He不可能和他相好了。他精祌上最重要的一根realizedthatfromnowon,therewouldbeno支柱己经被抽掉,使他感到一种说不出来的chanceforhimtobewithHaoHongmei痛苦。他面对着远方模糊的山35,真想狂喊anymore.Themostimportantmoralsupportin一"声他并不知道自己此刻眼里含满了泪hislifehadcollapsed,whichmadehimfeel水在他背后,县城已经一片灯火灿烂了。indescribablyanguished.Lookingatthedim家家户户现在也许都围坐在一起,开始吃晚outlineofthemountainsinthedistance,he饭。此刻,谁能知道,在城外,在昏暗的河reallywantedtocryoutloudly.Hemightnot边上,站着一个痛苦而绝望的乡卜来的青年,knowthatinthismomenthiseyeshadalready他喉咙里堵塞着卩更咽,情绪象狂乱的哈姆雷beenfilledwithtears.Thewholetownbehind特一样原谅他吧!想想我们在十七、八himwasilluminatedbythelights.Inevery岁的时候,也许都有过类似他这样的经历。house,peoplemightsitaroundandstartto这是人生的一个火山活跃期,溶岩突奔,炽enjoytheirmeals.Butatthisverymoment,12 流横溢,在每一个感情的缝隙中,随时都可whowouldknowthatoutsidethetown,there能唆啦地冒烟和喷火!wasayoungmanstandingatthedarkriverside,feelingextremelydistressedanddespairing?Histhroatwaschokedwithanguish;hisemotionwaslikethemadHamlet.MayHeavenforgivehim!Justthinkaboutourselveswhenwewereinourseventeensandeighteens,wemighthavethesameexperiencesorfeelings.Thistimeoflifewasliketheactiveperiodsofavolcano,whichcouldspurtoutboilingmagmathatoverflowedeverywhere.Onceagapformedinone'semotionalworld,hecoulddonothingbutletthefumeandflamesspewfromhisheart!少平站在河边,尽管已经误了吃饭时间,Shaopingstillstoodthere.AlthoughhefW他一点也不感觉到饿。他突然幻想:未来missedthedinnertime,hedidn'tfeelhungryat的某一天,他已经成了一个人物,或者是教all.Suddenlyhewassolostinreveriethatone授,或者是作家,要么是工程师,穿着体面dayinthefbture,hewouldbecomeagreat的制服和黑皮鞋,戴着眼镜,从外面的一个personage~aprofessor,awriter,oran人地方冋到了这座城市,人们都在尊敬亲热engineer,wearingrespectableuniformand地和他打招呼,他在人群里看见了顾养民和glasses,comingbackfromabigcity.Peoplein'郝含『.梅thistownwouldgreethimwithwarmthandrespect,whileheglimpsedGuYangminandHaoHongmeiinthecrowd.幻觉消失了,他看见一个黑乎乎的人影Thedelusionfinallydisappeared,thenheIF.1?这边走来他认出这是他的好朋友金sawashadowyfigurecomingtowardshim,and波。herecognizedthatitwashisbestfriendJinBo.金波现在来到了他跟前。他把手里的四JinBocameuptohim,handingfourcom个玉米面烧饼递到他面前,说:“看你没回来,pancakesovertohim,andsaid,“Ididn'tsee你的卜午饭我吃/。这是我在街上给你买youcomingback,so1ateyourmealandr勺t”boughttheseonthestreet.’’少卞’没有言传,接过金波手中的烧饼,Withoutsayinganything,Shaopingtook坐在-块石头上吃起来。overthepancakes,satonarockandstartedtoeat.金波也沉默不语地坐在他旁边。过了一JinBosatbesidehiminsilence.Amoment13 会,他才咬牙切齿地说:“我想把顾养民捶一later,hegrindedhisteethwithangerandsaid,插!,,“IwanttokickGuYangmin'sass!"金波显然看出顾养民己经夺走r他好Obviously,JinBofoundoutthatGu朋友的女朋友,这使他胸腔里充满了义愤的Yangminhadstolenhisbestfriend'sgirlfriend,怒火,想为少平打抱不平。whichmadehischestfullwithrighteousindignation,sohewantedtodefendShaopingagainsttheinjustice.“打了他,说不定学校会把咱们开除“Theschoolmayexpelusifwebeathim."了”少平说。“你不要动手。由我出面丨”Shaopingsaid,“Donottanglewithhim.Iwilltakeupthemattermyself.”少平想了一下,说:“不敢这样。万一Onsecondthoughts,Shaopingchangedhis咱们出个事,能把家里的大人急死丨”mind,"no,that'snotright.Ifsomethinghappenstous,ourparentswillworrytodeath.”“咱们现在就是大人了!自己做事自己“Wearealreadyadultsnow!Wecanbe可以承担。你不要管,我知道这事该怎么办responsibleforwhatwedo.Youkeepyour哩!,,handsoffthisthing;Iknowhowtohandleit."“你可千力小敢动手。咱们没什么理由"Don'tdoanythingcrazy!Wehaveno打顾养民。要是平白无故打/,到时咱们没reasontobeatGuYangmin.Ifwebeathim,we个说法的”can'texplainourselvesthen."“我给他制造个挨打理由!”“Iwillgivehimareason!”“不敢闯这乱子丨”少平虽然和金波同“Don'tmaketrouble!”AlthoughShaoping岁,此刻心中又火烧火燎,但还是比他的朋wasatthesameagewithJinBo,andfelt友冷静一些。terriblyannoyedrightnow,hewasstillmoresoberthanhisfriend.金波也没再说话。等他把那四个玉米面JinBostoppedsayinganything,waiting饼吃完,他们就相跟着回学校去了。forShaopingtofinishthefourpancakes,andthenwentbacktoschooltogether.孙少平没有想到,他的朋友没有听从他SunShaopinghadneverexpectedthathis的劝告,在私下里开始积极筹划准备打顾养frienddidn'ttakehisadvice,andstartedto民了。makeplansforbeatingGuYangmininsecret.金波平时爱讲个哥们义气,班里许多调JillBowasalwaysloyaltohisfriends,皮学生都听他的。他串联了把子男.卞.,商thusmanymischievousboysintheclasswere量怎样才能把顾养民打-1顿ifij又叫学校抓小obedienttohiswishes.Heropedinagangof住把柄。为了不牵连孙少平,他把自己的彳rboystodiscusshowtogiveathoroughbeating动都给他保密将来打人时他也绝对不会toGuYangminwhiletheywouldn'tbetripped14 让少平在场。upbytheschool.InordernottoinvolveSunShaopinginthetrouble,hekepttheentireplaninsecret.Hewouldn'tletShaopingbethereevenwhenhewasbeatingGuYangmin.这是一个晚间,熄灯铃还没有打,金波Onenightbeforethebedtime,JinBoand和他串联的一群人就集中在一个男生宿舍thewholeganggatheredinaboy'sdormitory,里。他打发一个人去叫住在另外宿舍的顾养andJinBosentoneboytocallGuYangmin民。wholivedinanotherdorm.顾养民进了这个宿舍后,一个男生就把AboyshutthedoorassoonasGu门一关。顾养民有点莫名其妙。他见许多人Yangminenteredtheroom.GuYangmin,who站在脚地上,很不友好地看着他。他还发现sawmanypeoplestandingthereandwatching有几个人不是住在这个宿舍的。他就问大家:himwithunfriendlylooks,wasunableto“你们叫我有什么事哩?”understandwhatitwasallabout.Healsofoundthatafewofthemwereactuallynotlivinginthisdorm.Thenheasked,"what'sthematter?"金波走到他面前,指着旁边的一个男生JinBowentuptoGuYangmin,pointingat问他:“他什么时候偷吃你的干粮了?”aboywhostoodbesidehim,andasked,"whendidhestealyourfood?"顾养民惊讶地说:“没有呀”GuYangminansweredinsurprise,“hedidn't..;'“那你为什么给这几个人说,他偷吃你“Thenwhydidyoutellthemthathestole的饼干了?”金波又指了指另外几个人。yourcookies?"JinBothenpointedtosomeotherboys.顾养民冤枉地对那几个人说:“我什么时GuYangminsaidtothem,“whendidItell候给你们说高来顺偷吃我的饼干了?”youthaiGaoLaishunhasstolenmycookies?"那几个小子立眉竖眼、七嘴八否地证明:Theboysputonfiercelooksandall他就是说了,而且还说过不止一次呢丨startedtalkingatonce.TheyprovedthatGuYangminhasspokenillofGaoLaishun,andevenmorethanonce!顾养民立刻意识到这_人是和他专意过GuYangminimmediatelyrealizedthat+去。但他乂想不起来他什么时候把这些人thesepeoplewerepickingafightwithhim,but得罪T。他在班上平时对同学都很和气,和hecouldn'trememberwhenheoffendedthem.谁也没吵闹过''次啊!Hewasalwayskindandfriendlytotheclassmates,andhadneverhadaquarrelwithanyofthem.15 他现在己经顾不得想这些了因为他Butnowhewasintoomuchofabindto看见他的危险处境迫在眉尖。他也知道他无thinkofthat,becauseherealizedthathewasin法再辩解他没有说过别人偷吃他的干粮。他adangeroussituationrightnow,andhealso看见这群人跳牙明嘴已经逼近他身边,就赶understoodthattheywouldn'tallowhimto忙说:“同学们,咱们有什么事慢慢说,provehisinnocence.Watchingthesepeople我”gnashingtheirteethinangerandapproachinghim,hehastenedtosay,"Guys,please.Takeiteasy,I..."他的话还没说完,金波的拳头已经捅到Beforehefinished,JinBohadalready了他的脸上。他立刻感到鼻子和嘴热呼呼的,givenhimapunchintheface.GuYangmin知道出血了。紧接着,这一群人一齐上来,instantlyfeltsomethingwarmstreamingdown七手八脚把他採在了脚地上;他只感到浑身fromhisnose.Heknewthatitwashisnose到处都火辣辣地疼,倒在地上爬不起来bleeding.Bashesandkickscameontopofthe了过了一会,坐在坑栏石上的金波叫另punch.Yangminwasknockedpartlytothe外一个男生打了一盆凉水。于是,金波和这groundandwasevenunabletostandupagain.一群人,就把他从地上拉起来,两个人强制Allhefeltwasthesharppainsalloverhisbody.地架着他的胳膊,另外的人把他糊血的脸顷Amomentlater,JinBo,whosatonabrickbed,刻间洗得干-f净挣;接着又把他衣服上的土askedaboytofetchabasinofcoldwater,and也扫得一尘不染。金波甚至拿了一把梳子,then,theypulledGuYangminupfromthe把他的头发都梳理旳整整齐齐。然后这一群ground.Withtwoboysgrabbingholdofhis人便放幵他,站在旁边都乐得笑了。有一个arms,otherswashedhisbloodyfacecleanina人还说:“干脆给这家伙脸上再檫点油,就更twinkling.Afterwardstheysweptthedustinhis风流了”clothes.JinBoevenbrushedhishairwithacomb.Whenalloftheseweredone,theyfinallylethimgo,andthenstoodaside,laughing.Oneofthemevensaid,“weshouldspreadsomeoilonhisface,hewouldbemoreamorousthen."顾养民立在脚地上,眼里泪水汪汪。GuYangminstoodstill,withhiseyesdrownedintears.现在他身上连一点挨打的痕迹都没有Nowtherewasnotevenaclueonhisbody了。这些人狠狠揍了他一顿,毕了乂精心地ofbeingbeaten,forthesepeopleelaborately把他“打扮”了-番,使他肴起来什么事也“dressedhimup”afterpunchingandkicking.没。Nowitlookedlikenothinghadhappened.有一个人对他说:“你给学校告去吧!到OneboytoldGuYangmin,“Docomplain时候,我们就说,你污蔑高来顺偷吃你的饼totheschool!Atthaitime,wewilltell16 干,我们和你讲理,但你先动手打人,我们everyonethatyouslanderedGaoLaishunfor只好嘛”stealingyourcookies,andthenwecametotalkaboutitwithyou,butyoustartedbeatingus.Sowehadnootherchoice.,,这群人又一齐笑了。Grimsmilescameovertheirfaces.顾养民措掉自己脸上的泪水,说:“我不GuYangminrubbedthetearsawayand告你们”said,“Iwon'ttellanyone.”他这句话倒使这些人一惊。金波他们都Everyonewassurprisedatwhathesaid.不再言传,也不笑了。JinBoandotherboysnolongersaidanything,nordidtheysmile.顾养民一■瘤一拐出了这个宿舍。他也没GuYangminwalkedoutofthedormwith回他自己的宿舍去。他走到校园东南角的那alimp.Insteadofgoingbacktohisdorm,he—片小树林中,抱住一根杨树杆,无声地暖wenttothebosketatthesoutheasterncomerof、泣起来theschoolyard,holdingontoapoplar,andwhimperedsilently.孙少平在第二天才知道金波串联一些人SunShaopingdidn'tknowaboutthe把顾养民打了一顿。他又急又慌,找到金波,wholethinguntilthenextday.Hewasvery埋怨他不该这样。金波让他别管,说他把事worriedandflurried,blamingJinBofordoing千得滴水不漏。thewrongthing.JinBotoldhimtostayawayfromthematter,andpromisedthateverythinghadbeensettledwithoutanyomission.“让顾养民告去吧!他小子挨了打,官“Lethimsneaktotheteacher!Noone司也打不赢!他一张嘴,我们七八张嘴,他wouldbelievehimanyway.Becausehe'sonhis说不过我们。”他对少平说。但孙少平觉得事own,butIhaveback-ups.Hecan'trefuteus."情并不那么简单。顾养民不会受这口气,肯JinBosaidtoShaoping.ButSunShaopingstill定要向学校反映。如果真相一旦查明,学校thoughtitwouldn'tbefinished,forGu可能要把金波幵除的。但他又不能过分指责Yangminwouldn'tletitgosoeasily.Hewould金波,因为他这行为完全是为他的呀!definitelyreportthewholethingtotheschool.Iftheyfoundoutthetruth,JinBowouldbeexpelled.Buthecouldn'texcessivelyblameJinBoeither,becauseheknewthatJinBodiditallforhim.孙少平一个人想:如果顾养民告到学校,SunShaopingthoughttohimself,“ifGu学校开始查这事的时候,他就站出来说是他Yangminsneakstotheteacher,Iwillstandout让金波打顾养民的。决不能让学校处理金波!toadmitthatitismyideaofbeatinghim.I17 金波是为他的,他一定要为金波承担罪责!shouldneverlettheschoolexpelJinBo!Hediditallforme,andIshouldbechargedwithhisfaults,”在好几天里,孙少平己经顾不上想其它Du和gthesedays,SunShaopingwas事了,紧张地等待着学校来调查这事。nervouslywaitingfortheschooltoinvestigatetheincident,leavingalltheotherthingsbehind.俱过了好多天,一切仍然风平浪静。金Butseveraldayshadpast,andeverything波曾给他说过,顾养民自己说不告他们,少stayedasnormalasusual.JinBooncetoldhim平当时不相信这话。但现在看来顾养民真的thatGuYangminhadpromisedhewouldn't没有去告!班长现在看来也和以前没有什么sneakonthem,butShaopingdidn'tbelieveit.不同,表现出什么事也没有发生的样子,并NowitseemedthatGuYangminreallymeant且对金波和打过他的同学态度也很正常:既that;hedidn'tsplitonthemtotheschool.He不特意好,也不让人看出怀恨在心。只是在stilllookedthesame,likenothinghad挨打的第二天,他给老师请假,说他感冒了,happenedtohim.Meanwhile,hisattitude要上一趟医院。据金波说,顾养民上医院的towardJinBoandtheotherboysstayedthe那一天,郝红梅竟然偷偷到医院看他去same,whichwasneithertoowarmforaspecial了purpose,nortoocoldasifharboringagrudgeinhismind.Thedayaftertheincidenthappened,heaskedforasickleavefromtheteacherandwenttothehospital.AccordingtoJinBo,HaoHongmeievenwenttothehospitaltoseeGuYangmininsecret.金波他们把顾养民打了一顿,反而使郝WhatJinBodidtoGuYangminmadeHao红梅更挨近了顾养民。也许他们两个分析过HongmeievenclosertoYangmin.Maybethey养民挨打的原因金波心再残,也不会平twohaddiscussedaboutthethingwhyGu内无故打人,唯一的可能就是因为郝红梅。Yangmingwasbeaten.ForJinBowouldn'thit她先后与少平和养民的关系变化大家都能看apersonwithoutanycauseorreason,theonly得出来。孙少平+出曲,让他的朋友来替他reasonofhimdoingthiswasHaoHongmei.报复除此之外,还会有什么解释呢?BecauseeveryonecouldseeHaoHongmei'schangeofattitudetowardShaopingandYangmin.SunShaopingdidn'ttakeupthematterhimself,butaskedhisfriendtotakerevengeuponGuYangmin.Whatelsecoulditbe?孙少平看得出来,郝红梅现在甚至都恨SunShaopingcouldseethatHaoHongmei18 上了他,见了面连看都不看他一眼。顾养民musthavenourishedherfeelingsofhatred心里不知怎样,面子上还和他保持着一般交towardhim,forsheevendidn'tgivealookat往的关系。当然,不论是在他面前,还是在himwhentheyranintoeachother.GuYangmio众人面前,他现在已经不回避他和郝红梅的stillkeptontermswithhimfortheoldsake,but相好关系。至于郝红梅,倒似乎专意让别人whoknowswhatwasreallyburiedinhismind?知道她和顾养民好。她现在上街,就借顾养Onlyonethingwasforsure:henolongerhid民的自行车。回来的时候,故意在人多处给thetruthofhimandHaoHongmei'sbeing顾养民还车子,并且羞羞答答看养民一眼,together,regardlessofbeinginfrontofSun说:“谢谢”Shaopingorinpublic.AsforHaoHongmei,itseemedthatshewasintentionallylettingothersknowshewaswithGuYangminnow.ShewouldborrowYangmin'sbikewhenevershewentout,andthenreturneditinthecrowdedplaceonpurpose,stealingaglanceatGuYangminwhilesaying"thanks"bashfully.谢谢。对于孙少平来说,他也要对生活Thanksindeed.AsforSunShaoping,he的教训说一声谢谢。这一件事的前后经)力,shouldalsosaythankstothehardlessongiven也许实际上对他并没有坏处。他是失去了-fromlife,forthewholethingdidnotdohim些情感上的温柔,但也获得了许多心灵上的anyharmanyway.Hedidloosesometender收获。他现在平心静气地想,顾养K是一个comfons,butwhatweremorevaluablewere好人他挨了打,但没有报复打他的人。thegainsinhisheart.Hewasnowinacalm顾养民不会怯火这些人!这些人再残,也残moodandchangedhisattitudetowardsGu不过学校的王法。只要他告,这些人都不会Yangming.HethoughtthatGuYangminwas轻松,而且为首的金波说不定会让学校开除actuallyagoodman,forhedidn'ttakerevenge的。他对这件事米取了息事宁人的态度,反onthosewhohadbeatenhim.Nomatterhow而在精神上把他和金波他们镇住了。cruelthesepeoplecouldbe,theschool'sregulationswouldbefarcruder.Theywouldn'tfeelrelaxedaslongashesneakedtotheschool,furthermore,JinBo,thechieftroublemaker,wouldprobablybeexpelledfromtheschool.Instead,GuYangminchosetosmooththingsover,whichhadmentallywitheredthemall.他又进_+步想,郝红梅拋幵他而和顾养Thenhethoughtflirtherthatitwasentirely民相好,也完全是正常的啊!他自己在哪方normalforHaoHongmeitobewithGu面都无法和顾养民比较。男女相好,这是网Yangmininsteadofhimself.Hecouldtotallybe19 厢情愿的事,而怎能象俗话说的‘‘刹头担子overwhelmedifbeingcomparedwithGu—头热”呢?Yangmininanyrespects.Lovetooktwopeopletocareabouteachother.Itwasnotbasedonhisownwishfulthinking.青春激流打起的第一个浪头在内心渐渐Thefirstcrestofthewaveinhisardent平伏了。孙少平甚至感到了一种解脱的喜悦。youthgraduallysubsidedinhisheart.Sun他似乎觉得自己的精神比原来还要充实一Shaopingfeltevenagratificationofextrication.些。他现在认识到,他是一个普普通通的人,Itseemedthathewasricherandfullerinthe应该按照普通人的条件正正常常的生活,而spirituallifethanusual.Henowrealizedthat不要做太多的非分之想。当然,普通并不等he,asanordinaryperson,shouldleadanormal于庸俗。他也许一辈子就是个普通人,但他lifeinthelightofacommonman'ssituation,要做一个不平庸的人。在许许多多平平常常holdingnoextravaganthopesforlife.Of的事情中,应该表现出不平常的看法和做法course,commonnesswasnotequalto来。比如,象顾养民这家伙,挨了别人的打,mediocrity.Maybehewasjustacommon但不报复打他的人尽管按常情来说,谁personthroughouthislife,buthedidn'twantto挨了打也不会平平静静,但人家的做法就和beamediocreman.Oneshouldshowhis一般人小样。这件事就值得他好好思量思unusualattitudeandbehavioreveninordinary量。这期l、uj,少平获得了一个非常重要的认things.TakeGuYangminforexample,he识:在最平常的事情中都可以显不出一个人didn'ttakereprisalsagainstthem,evenifhe人格的伟人来!sufferedabeating.Thoughasofright,noonewouldcalmdownafterbeingkicked,GuYangmin'sbehaviorwastotallydifferentfromnormalones.Anyway,thiswholethingwaswellworthweighingandconsideringforhim.Duringthisperiod,Shaopinghadgainedveryimportantlessonthatonecouldshowhisgreatpersonalitythroughmostordinarythings.这是第一次关于人生的自我教育。这也Thiswasactuallyhisfirstself-education许会在他以后的生活中发生深远的影响concerninglife,whichmayhaveprofound过了儿人,在少平的生活中突然出现一件他influmceinhislifeeverafter.Severaldays想不到的串。学校根据县宣传部和文化局的later,somethingunexpectedhappenedin指小,要组织-个校-级的文艺宣传队,巡Shaoping’slife.Accordingtothedesignations回到各公社宣传演出。他们班的金波、顾养ofthePublicityDepartmentandtheCultural民、郝红梅和他,都选拔上了。他被确定参AffairsDepartmentofthecounty,theschool加一幕小戏的演出,还另出一个节目讲故事wasaskedtoorganizeanArtPublicizingteam,20 《智取威虎山》中打虎上山的一段。顾whichwouldgivetouringperformancesin养民也参加小戏演出,同时还任宣传队副队differentcommunes.Inhisclass,JinBo,Gu长。郝红梅是舞蹈队的。金波在乐队吹笛子,Yangmin,HaoHongmeiandhewerechosento并且还有一个独唱节目他的男高音很出joinintheteam.Hewasarrangedtoactina色。play,togetherwithastorytelling—theepisodeofYangZirong'goinguptothebandits'lairinTakingTigerMountainbyStrategy:‘GuYangminalsoparticipatedintheplay,andservedastheviceteamleaderofthePublicizingteam.HaoHongmeiwasinthedanceteam.JinBowouldplaythefluteintheband,andperformavocalsoloinaddition,forhistenorwasveryremarkable.少平参加演出的这幕小戏叫《夺鞭》,是TheplaywhichShaopingtookpartinwas学校语文组的老师们集体创作的。剧本内容calledScramblefortheWhip.Itwasa是:贫中农出身的兄妹俩,周中毕业回乡collectivecreationoftheChineseteachersin后,为了从富农子弟手中夺回队里赶大车的theschool.Itmainlytalkedaboutastoryofa权力,和这个“阶级异Li分子”以及一个丧brotherandhissisterwhowerebominapoor失阶级立场的生产队长,展幵了激烈的斗争,andlower-middlefamily.Inordertoseizethe最后兄妹俩得到公社书记的支持,终于胜利rightofdrivingthehorse-drawncart,theyTwagedadesperatestruggleagainstthealienclasselementaswellastheteamleaderwhohadlosthisclassstand.Finally,thebrotherandsisterwerecrownedwithvictorywiththesupportofthePartySecretaryofthecommune.学校教音乐课的女教师是这个宣传队的Themusicteacherintheschoolwasthe队长兼总导演。她竟然让孙少平当这出戏的teamleaderaswellasthechiefdirectorofthe男主角张红苗。他又胆怯又高兴地接受了这Publicizingteam.ToSunShaoping'ssurprise,个任务。他还没想到,从他们年级另一个班theteacheraskedhimtoplaythemainrole抽来的田晓霞演他的妹妹。那个富农子弟由ZhangHongmiaointheplay,andheaccepted高年级的一个男生扮演。顾养民扮演公社书thetaskwithjoyandtimidity.Hecouldhardly1YangZirong:awell-knownreconnaissanceheroduringtheliberationwarinNortheastofChina.“TakingTigerMountainbyStrategy:aChineserevolutionaryopera.ItdescribesanepisodeinthegreatChinesePeople'sWarofLiberation,abattleinwhichapursuitdetachmentoftheChinesePeople'sLiberationArmywipedoutaKuominiangdie-hardganginnortheastChina.21 记。expectthatTianXiaoxia,whocamefromanotherclassofhisgrade,wouldplayhissisterintheplay.Aboyfromtheuppergradewouldplaythesonoftherichpeasant,andGuYangminwouldactthepartofthePartySecretaryofthecommune.经过一段排演,他们这支文艺宣传队就Afteraperiodofrehearsal,theperforming下公社了。孙少平非常高兴参加这个宣传队,teamthenbegantotourthecommunes.Sun这使他第一次有了出头露面的机会。另外,Shaopingwasfilledwithgreatjoyforbeing宣传队下了公社,吃的都是白馍大肉;演戏partofteam,asitgavehimachanceofbeingin的时候,他还有机会穿上体面的戏装,感觉thelimelight.Besides,whentheperforming自己象换了一个人似的有风度他感觉别teamwenttothecommune,thelocalpeople人也都用异样的眼光来看他了。wouldentertainthemwithsteamedbreadandmeat,andhewouldhavethechanceofwearingthedecentstagecostumeduringtheperformance,whichwouldmakehimfeelthathewastotallyadifferentpersonthen,andpeoplewouldlookathimwithrespectfuleyes.孙少平作为主角和几个全县出众的干部Actingonthestagewiththechildrenof子弟一块登台演戏,使他经历着他有生以来seniorcadresinthecounty,SunShaoping,as最激动人心的日子。戏完后,他和田晓霞还theleadingactoroftheplay,wasexperiencing各广丨有’个讲故事的节目,而这两个故事又themoststirringdaysinhislife.Aftertheplay,是最受观众欢迎的。当然,他的朋友金波的heandTianXiaoxiabothhadtheirstorytelling独唱也常博得热烈的掌声。在这期间,文艺toperform,whilethetwostorieswerethemost宣传队所有人的关系都非常亲密。他们正处popularperformancesamongtheaudience.Of于爱红火热闹的年龄,加上伙食又好,每个course,thevocalsoloperformedbyhisfriend人都兴致勃勃的。他、养民、红梅和金波四JinBoalsowonenthusiasticapplause.Beingin个人之间,也自然地把以前的不愉快都搁在thesameagewhichwasbrimmingwith了一边。少平和金波都盼着文艺宣传队能赶enthusiasmandliveliness,peopleinthe快巡回到1培节公社去那里他们有许多performingteamhadestablishedintimate熟人和没有来上高丨的同学。在本公社露一friendshipduringthistime.Besides,thegood下脸,那可多有意义啊!到时他们家里的人mealsmadeeveryonecheerfulandenergetic.也会来看他们演出的可是在中途,文艺Thefourofthem—Shaoping,Yangmin,宣传队突然接到县S传部电话,说地区要搞HongmeiandJinBo,hadnaturallybrushedthe全|x.革命故事调讲,县上决定让孙少平和田unpleasantpastaside.ShaopingandJinboboth22 晓霞去参加,让他们俩赶快回县城来准备节expectedtheteamcouldgotoShigejie目。Communeassoonaspossible,becausethereweremanyoftheiracquaintancesandclassmatesfromthejuniorhighschoolthere.Whatameaningfulthingtoperformintheirowncommune.Atthattime,theirfamilieswouldalsocometoseetheirperformances.Butjustwhentheywereonhalfway,acallsuddenlycamefromthePublicityDepartmentofthecounty,sayingthattherewasadistrict-widestorytellingevent,andthecountydecidedtosendSunShaopingandTianXiaoxiafortheevent,thustheywereaskedtogobacktothecountyseatandpreparefortheirperformances.这消息对孙少平来说,就象一颗炸弹在Thisnewswaslikeabombexplodingright面前爆炸了:天啊,他要到黄原去?这将足infrontofShaoping,GoodHeavens,washe他有生以来的第一次远行,并且也是第k'次reallygoingtoHuangyuan?Thiswouldbethe去逛大地方宣传队的所有人都很羡慕他firsttimeforhimtogoonsuchalongjourney和田晓霞。他激动无比这自不消说。晓?尽inallhisbomdays;moreover,itwassuchabig管为这事高兴,但她从小就在黄原城単.长人,city.Thetwowerenowtheenvyofthewhole不象他这样觉得好象要出国似的连晚」’.都失publicizingteam.Xiaoxiawasalsoveryglad眠了。老师把戏里的角色进行了新的调整:aboutthisthing.Sinceshegrewupin金波顶他演张红苗,红梅从舞蹈队抽出来顶Huangyuan,shewasnotasexcitedas晓霞,演张红苗的妹妹孙少平给老师请Shaoping,whofeltlikehewasabouttogo了假,说他要先回一次家。因为他立刻想到,abroadandevenlosthissleep.Theteacher不能背一口袋高粱面去黄原城要有粮票rearrangedtherolesintheplay;JinBoplayed才行。另外,他的这身衣服怎么能到大地方thepartofZhangHongmiaoinsteadof去亮相呢?讲故事+是演戏,人家不给做服Shaoping,whileHongmeiwastransferredfrom装一想到这--切,他的情绪就象一堆红thedanceteamtoreplaceXiaoxiaforthepart火拨了—盆子凉水,寒透心了。如果这样出ofZhangHongmiao'ssister.SunShaoping去丢人,还不如不去!但他乂知道家庭的情planedtogohomefirst,becausehe况,这么大的破费能把大人急死immediatelyrealizedthathehadtotakeseveralfoodcouponsinsteadofcarryingabagofbroomcomflourtoHuangyuancity.Besides,howcouldhegotosuchabigplaceinthese23 dowdyclothes?Therewasnospecialcostumeforthestoryteller.Wheneverhethoughtaboutthesethings,theanxietieswoulddrivehimtobitterdespair,whichwaslikeabasinofcoldwatersplashingontheflames.Ifhewentoutinthissuit,itwouldbebetternotgoingthere.Butheunderstoodhisfamily'ssituation.Thewholeexpensewouldprobablydrivethemcrazy.当他无限愁肠地回到双水村的时候,他WhenSunShaopingcamebackto并不知道,他要去黄原讲故事的消息早已传Shuangshuivillagewithamoodof回来,在村里都家喻户晓了。他也根本不知immeasurab丨emelancholy,hedidn’tknowthat道,双水村的人已经议论了他几天,似乎他thenewsabouthimgoingtoHuangyuanfor已经成了个人物。是呀,村里象他这样大的storytellinghadalreadyimmenselyspreadand人,倒有几个去过黄原城嘛丨becomehouseholdtalk.NorhadheanyideathatpeopleinShuangshuivillagehadtalkedabouthimfordays,asifhewasalreadyapersonage.Indeed,howmanypeopleinthevillagecouldgotoHuangyuancityatsuchayoungage?使少平乂惊讶又高兴的是,在他没回来Withsurpriseandjoy,Shaopingfoundout之前,他哥已经把自留地的夏洋芋刨得卖了thatbeforehecameback,hisbrotherhad两麻袋,给他扯好了一身蓝卡机布,放在金alreadysoldtwosacksofpotatoesintheprivate大婢家,等他回来量身子裁缝哩丨父亲也把plotandusedthemoneytobuyapieceofkhaki家里少得可怜的一点麦子,拿出二升,在石cloth,puttingitinauntJin'shouseandwaiting讫节粮站给他换好了十斤粮票他看到这forhimtocomebacktomeasureforasuit.His些他原来还担心的问题,爸爸和哥哥都给他fatheralsotookouttwolitreswheatfromthe解决了,并且一家人都高兴得满脸光彩,这pitiflilamount,andchangeditfora使他忍T、住鼻子发酸,他在家里住了两天,5-kilogram-foodcouponinthegrainsupply母亲给他单另做得吃了两顿好饭,还一再嘱centreofShigejie.Alltheproblemsheworried咐他出去多操心,说那是大地方,不是而讫abouthadbeensettledbyhisfatherandbrother.节他穿着一身薪新的蓝卡肌布制服,把Inspiteofhisanxieties,thewholefamilywas十斤粮票和哥哥专意卖了几担西红棉而给他soproudofhimthatheevencouldn'tholdback的拾元钱,用领针别在内衣口袋里,就怀着histears.Hestayedathomefortwodays.His对亲人无限感激的心情,回到了县上。mothernotonlyspeciallyservedhimgoodmeals,butalsoexhortedhimlobecarefulwhile24 outside,foritwasabigplace,nottheirsmallcommune.Then,heworeanewsuitofbluekhakiclothes,puttingthefoodcouponandtenyuanwhichhisbrotherearnedbysellingtomatoesinhisunderwear'spocket,usingabroochpinningtheedge,thenwentbacktothecountywithimmensegratitudeforhisfamily.他和晓霞在县上的文化馆集中排练了三ShaopingandXiaoxiarehearsedinthe天,文化馆长就带着他们去了黄原地区aCulturalCentreofthecountyforthreedays,andthenthecuratortookthemalongtoHuangyuan.当他从黄原汽车站出来的时候,立刻被Whenhecameoutofthebusstationof城市的景象弄得眼花缭乱,连东西南北也分Huangyuan,SunShaopingwassuddenly不清了。晓霞熟悉这城市,就给他指点着说dazzledbythesceneofthecityandbecame这说那。他兴奋得头脑都有些混乱不堪。totallydisoriented.SinceXiaoxiawasveryfamiliarwiththecity,sheintroducedthecitytohimbypointingatdifferentdirections,whilehegotextremelyexcited.他们在黄原地区革委会第二招待所呆了Theyhadstayedforsevendaysattherest七天。他们县的讲完了以后,晓霞便带着他houseoftheRevolutionaryCommitteein到这城市的几个著名地方转了转。同时,他Huangyuan.Aftertheperformance,Xiaoxia在故事会上还认识了几个地区文化馆的老showedhimaroundsomefamousplacesofthe师,其中有个叫贾冰的诗人,还是原西县人。city.Meanwhile,hehadgotthechancetoget贾老师热情邀请本县来的三个人在他家里吃acquaintedwithsometeachersinthedistrict了饭,还声震屋瓦地给他们朗诵了他写的诗。CulturalCentre,includingapoetnamedJiaBing,whowasalsofromYuanxiCounty.Mr.Jiawarmlyinvitedthethreeofthemforadinnerathishouse,andrecitedhispoemswithgreatpassionandenthusiasm.这次故事调讲,他和晓霞都得了―:等奖,ShaopingandXiaoxiabothwonthe把他们县的文化馆长1?兴得眉开眼笑!secondprizeduringthisstorytellingevent,whichmadethecurator'sfacemeltedinsmiles.孙少平大开了-创眼界,然后带着无数Inthistrip,SunShaopinghadwidenedhis新的印象以及一张奖状和一套“毛选”,回到fieldofvisionandgainedmanynew了县城。到星期六的时候,他乂带着从黄原impressions.Thenhewentbacktothecounty25 城里买来的一点稀罕东西,回了一趟双水村。withacertificateofawardandasetof在地区期间,每天的伙食补助就够他吃了,SelectionsfromMaoZedong.AndonSaturday,因此他就把哥哥给他的十兀钱,除过王满银,hewentbacktoShuangshuiwithafewthings给全家人都买了点礼物:奶的一包蛋糕,heboughtfromHuangyuan,whichwere母亲和姐姐一人一双袜子,父亲和哥哥一人seldomsoldintheirvillage.Whenhewasinthe—块白毛巾,妹妹的一线红方格头巾,猫蛋district,thefoodallowancewastotallyenough和狗蛋的半斤水果糖forhim,therefore,hesavedthetenyuanhisbrothergavetohim,andboughtpresentsforeveryoneinthefamily,excepthisbrother-in-lawWangManyin.Forgrandmother,heboughtapacketofcake,andapairofsocksforeachofhismotherandeldersister,atowelforbothhisfatherandbrother,ared-checkedkerchiefforhislittlesister,andaquarterofakilofruitcandiesforMaodanandGoudan.26 评论部分《平凡的世界》中文化缺省的翻译及补偿策略—、引言众所周知,翻译并不是简单的语言活动,它更是一种文化活动。翻译的目标不仅仅是将一种语言转换为另一种语言,更为重要的是在将原文的意义如实译出的基础上,让译文读者能够了解原文所承载的文化信息。EugeneA.Nida曾说过:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景中才有意义。”(Nida,110)也就是说,除通晓原语及译语两种语言之外,译者还必须具备深厚的文化功底,充分了解两种语言的文化背景以及文化差异。王佐良也表达过类似的观点,他认为翻译最大的困难就在于“两种文化的不同。在一种文化里头有一些不言而喻的东西,在另外一种文化里头却要费很大力气加以解释。对本族语者不必解释的事,对外国读者得加以解释。”(王佐良,34)由于这种文化差异的存在,势必会给目的语读者在阅读过程中带来一定的影响,同时也给译者带来很大的困难。如何做到在传达语言意义的同时,进一步体现语言背后的文化意义,成为了对于译者的一个不小的挑战。二、文化缺省与《平凡的世界》在不同的文化背景中,由于历史、地理、风俗、习惯、道德、宗教等等的差异,会在翻译中出现诸多文化不对等的现象。一种文化中司空见惯的事有可能在另一种文化中是无人知晓的,这也」H是文化缺省的体现。王东风曾说:“文化缺省只不过是在交际过程中出现的文化背景知识的省略。”(王东风,1999:230)他还对这些缺省情况进行了分类:被交际双方作为共享的背景知识而加以省略的部分叫做“情境缺省”。如果被缺省的部分与语篇内信息有关,就叫做“语境缺省”,而.4+语篇外的文化背景有关的,便是“文化缺省”。(王东风,1997:55-60)语境缺省的内容可以在语篇内搜索,文化缺省的部分在语篇内却找不到答案。当27 该文化以外的信息接收者接触到这种缺省时,就很难将原文中的文化背景以及语篇外的知识联系起来,因而对文章的理解造成干扰,很难读懂原文。刘宓庆曾谈到:“译文实际是原文+原文文化背景+译文+译文文化背景+原作者的气质和风格+译者的气质和风格的混合体。”(刘宓庆,89)这也进一步强调了文化背景在翻译‘中所起的重要作用,因而,在翻译过程中,也应对文化缺省部分做合理的补偿。王恩冕对补偿的界定是:“用译入语语言形式补足在转换原文语言形式时造成的语义损失。”(王恩冕,11)如果不对原文中的文化缺省做补偿,那么会对译文读者造成理解的困难;而过多的补偿又会显得拖沓冗长,影响阅读的美感。因而,译者要对译文读者的文化知识和经验做出准确的预测,及时察觉那些会造成译文读者理解困难的文化缺省,并采取恰当的方式进行处理,以帮助读者建立语义连贯,扫除阅读障碍,否则就会导致跨文化交际失败。本文就将以《平凡的世界》英译个案为例,分析对文化缺省部分所采取的不同翻译策略。《平凡的世界》是中国著名当代作家路遥创作的一部百万字的长篇巨著,被誉为“茅盾文学奖皇冠上的明珠,激励千万青年的不朽经典。”作品讲述了七十年代末八十年代初的特定历史时期下,屮国西北农村历史的变迁以及主人公孙少平等的人生故事。这部作品全景式地反应了中国当代城乡的社会生活,高度浓缩了中国西北农村的历史变迁过程,以孙少安和孙少平两兄弟为中心,刻画和描写了社会各阶层普通人们的形象。全书共分为三部,第一部自1975年初开始,身为农民子弟的孙少平到原西县读高中,并对地主家庭出身的郝红梅产生了情愫。后来郝红梅与家境优越的顾养民恋爱,孙少平则在高中毕业后回到家乡做了一名教师。少平的哥哥孙少安与村支书的女儿润叶是青梅竹马,但却遭到润叶父亲的反对。最终,孙少安和一位勤劳善良的山西姑娘相亲并结了婚,润叶也只能按照父母的意愿弓向前结婚。第二部自1979年起,十一届三中全会后百废待兴,村主任田福堂极力抵制责任制,孙少安却领导生产队率先实行责任制,最终在全村得到了推广。勤劳的孙少安靠自己的双手建成了烧砖窑,成了公社的“冒尖户”。孙少平则追求着一直以来“闯荡世界”的梦想,从一名揽工汉成为了正式的建筑工人,并与田晓霞坠入爱河。晓霞从师专毕业后到省报当了记者。第三部自1982年开始,孙少平来到煤矿工作,成为了一名优秀的煤矿工人。28 但田晓霞却因在抗洪采访中抢救灾民而光荣牺牲,少平悲痛不已。孙少安的砖窑有了很大的发展,但中途也遭遇了不小的坎坷,妻子秀莲被确诊为肺癌。27岁的孙少平在一次事故中为救护徒弟受了重伤,英俊的面容尽毁。但少安少平都没有被这些不幸压垮。孙少平康复之后,又充满信心地回到了矿山,迎接他新的生活和挑战。由于《平凡的世界》是一部含特定历史背景的著作,其语言表达也十分具有中国特色,特别是译文所截取的第一部17-18章中,含特定文化背景及文化内涵的词语屡见不鲜,这势必给翻译带来了一定的困难。三、《平凡的世界》中文化缺省的翻译补偿路遥的《平凡的世界》深刻剖析了中国“文革”后至改革开放初期这一特殊阶段的历史变迁,这样一部作品,势必承载着丰富的民族文化内涵,它覆盖了中国文化特有的风俗习惯、伦理道德、宗教信仰以及价值观等。小说中很多事物对中国人来说都是不言而喻或习以为常的,但对于外国读者却是全然陌生的。尤其在第一部17-18两个章节中,出现了诸多含有文化背景或内涵的词语,如:“贫下中农”、“变天账”、“赶人车”等’这些词语在英语文化中形成了真空。鉴于原文中这种含特定历史意义以及文化内涵的词语较多,因而文化缺省常常给另一文化的读者造成很大的阅读困难。这也是翻译中的一个难点与挑战,即如何在保留原文写作风格及文化内涵的基础上,使译文正确的传达原作的思想,同时增强译文的可读性和美感。在翻译此类词语与句子的过程中,笔者尝试采取不同的翻译策略,如注释、意译、直译、异化、删译等方法,从不同角度对原文中的文化缺省进行翻译补偿。现就将译文所使用的翻译策略在下文进行举例说明。1.注释法注释法是将文化缺省部分在文内进行直译,同时在文外以注释的方式对其进行进一步说明。这种手段适合于向目的语读者介绍源语中特有的文化现象、事件等的涵义,如宗教概念、风俗习惯、饮食着装、历史典故等;它还可以用来介绍原文的人物、地名、专门用于等,以便帮助读者理解与上述内容直接关联的原文意义。(夏廷德,212)如:29 例一:现在一家几口人,只能靠父亲一个人的工分来养活。Atpresent,thewholefamilywassupportedbyherfather,whoearnedworkpoints[1]intheproductionteam.workpoints:aunitindicatingthequantityandqualityoflaborperformedandtheamountofpaymentearnedinruralcommunes.例二:他被确定参加一幕小戏的演出,还另出一个节目讲故事——《智取威虎山》中打虎上山的一段。Hewasarrangedtoactinaplay,togetherwithastorytelling~theepisodeofYangZirong[1]goinguptothebandits'lairinTakingTigerMountainbyStrategy{]].YangZirong:awell-knownreconnaissanceheroduringtheliberationwarinNortheastofChina.TakingTigerMountainbyStrategy:aChineserevolutionaryopera.ItdescribesanepisodeinthegreatChinesePeople'sWarofLiberation,abattleinwhichapursuitdetachmentoftheChinesePeople'sLiberationArmywipedoutaKuomintangdie-hardganginnortheastChina.在例一中,“工分”是我国农业生产合作社,人K公社时期计算社员工作量和劳动报酬的单位。1由于其存在于特定的历史时期,只有充分了解人民公社时期的历史才能够准确获知“工分”一词的意义。将“工分”译为workpoints能使译文显得简洁,但却没有充分体现“工分”一词背后的文化含义。因而,为使英文读者更好的了解“工分”的意义,又以注释的方式在文外进行解释。在第二个例子中,《智取威虎山》是中国人熟知的京剧剧目,而杨子荣则是家喻户晓的剿匪英雄,但这两个概念对于外国读者就未必了解,因此要帮助英语读者填充这个意义真空点,就要做必要的说明,所以译文在文外加了注释,以此介绍有关文化背景知识,进而疏通上下文的关系,建立起语篇的连贯。注释法的优点在于能较好地体现原文的美学价值,同时利用注释相对不受空间限制的特点,对原文中的相关文化知识进行较为详尽的解释,帮助读者解决意义真空点。而其弱点是读者阅读的连贯性会受到一定的影响,尤其是当原文中的文化缺省比较密集时。30 2.意译法意译是在译文中直接向目的语读者解释原词语或句子在原文中的意义。翻译理论家乔治?斯坦纳曾指出:“作为译者,他必须将字词隐含的‘意义’,包括所指意义、暗指意义、推演意义、意图意义以及联想意义明确地表达出来。因此,翻译的各种技巧首先应当是解释性的,能够竭尽所能地说明和再现原作的语义属性。(GeorgeSteiner,291)意译法也正是解释性技巧的一种。例一:这个家庭成份不好的女孩子,从小在担惊受怕中长大。HaoHongmei,whowasofthethenpoliticallydangerousfamilybackgroundofalandlord,grewupinalifeconditionwhichwasfulloffearandanxiety.例二:男女相好,这是两厢情愿的事,而怎能象俗话说的“剃头担子一头热”呢?Lovetooktwopeopletocareabouteachother.Itwasnotbasedonhisownwishfulthinking.例二:她小的时候,她爷还活着,戴个地主帽子,一家人在村里抬不起头。Whenshewasalittlegirl,hergrandfather,oncealandlord,wasstillalive,andthewholefamilywasweigheddownbythelandlordstatus.在以上三个例子当中,分别涉及到“家庭成份”、“剃头担子一头热”、“地主帽子”等词语及俗语。这些缺省具有特殊的文化形象,在其字面背后有着一定的暗藏意义。因而在翻译时应当采取意译的策略,在文中进行简短的解释,将其深层意义尽可能地表达出来。如例一中“家庭成份不好”一词属于中国特有的文化词汇,在文中意指其地主阶级的身份,这在当时是一种不利的政治背景。译文对“家庭成份小好”米取了意译1,即whowasofthethenpoliticallydangerousfamilybackgroundofalandlord,这样就较为详细的阐述了“家庭成份”一词隐藏的意义,使U的语读者有更为精确的理解。例二中“剃头担子一头热”是中国的俗语,比喻做一件事情时,一个人非常热情,而对方却无动于衷,摆出一副冷血孔。此处31 如果选择直译可能会让外国读者摸不着头脑,因而将其译为itwasnotbasedonhisownwishfulthinking,同样表达了不能一厢情愿的意思。例三中,原文的“戴个地主帽子”其实意在表达其地主的身份,由于这样一种身份使得“一家人在村里抬木起头。这里如果直接将“地主帽”译为landlordhat并不能够很好的起到交代其身份背景的作用,目的语读者也未必能够领会landlordhat一词的文化内涵,因而此处将其意译为oncealandlord,简洁明了的介绍了其地主的身份,也为下文做了很好的铺垫。意译法在翻译文化缺省时是一种不可缺少的翻译手法,尤其是在限于篇幅的情况下,它能帮助读者了解原文的基本含义,在阅读译文时迅速连贯语义。然而这种方法也有它的不足之处,有时会使原文中较为含蓄的表达变得过于直白,一定程度上丧失了原文的艺术性,同时,译文读者对于与此有关的文化背景知识也不能有较为全面的了解。3.直译法直译,顾名思义就是直接把汉语译成相应的英语表达,完全按照原文的字面意思来解释,对影响阅读连贯的文化缺省不做任何交代。例一:她刚上小学的第二年,“文化大革命”幵始了,村里的贫下中农造反队,打着红旗,扛着镢头,一夜之间,就把她家里的房屋院落刨成了-堆废墟。Inthesecondyearofherprimaryschool,theGreatCulturalRevolutionstarted.TheRevolutionaryRebelTeamofthepoorandlower-middlepeasants,withredflagsintheirhandsandhoesontheirshoulders,razedtheirhouseandthecourtyardtothegroundovernight.例二:因为他立刻想到,不能背n袋高粱面去黄原城——要有粮票才行。SunShaopingplanedtogohomefirst,becauseheimmediatelyrealizedthathehadtotakeseveralfoodcouponsinsteadofcarryingabagofbroomcornflourtoHuangyuancity.区錤在谈及主要翻译补偿手段t、fj齊说:直译适用特别重要的概念翻译”。(区32 錤,19)而以上两个例子中,正是对一些比较重要的文化概念采取了直译的方法。如例一中的“文化大革命”,如果采用意译法,就使句子显得过于冗长。而对于“文化大革命”这样广为人知的词语,也无需使用注释法,以免影响阅读的连贯性。因此笔者采用了直译法,把汉语直接译成对应的英语单词,这样的译法既能使句式简洁,同时也体现了词语的文化内涵。例二中的“粮票”一词也采用了直译的方法,译为foodcoupons,“粮票”虽然是中国特定历史时期内的特有词汇,但通过上下文的线索,译文读者不难推断出其意思,因而对于这样的概念,直译法在很大程度上简化了句式。直译法的优点在于能够节省句式空间,避免句式过于冗长,同时能够保持阅读的连贯性,不影响阅读美感。由于以上词语均带有比较浓郁的中国特色,直译成英文时,难免会稍带有“中国味”,因而这种具有中国特色的英语词语需要有一个被英语国家人们认识和接受的过程,而其中一部分词语随着对外开放的发展及文化间的交融,会被越来越多的外国读者所熟知,最终成为家喻户晓的代表性词汇。4.异化法异化法是指在翻译方法上迁就外来文化的语言特点,吸纳外语农达方式。有人认为异化可能会使译文读者对原语文化的理解造成困难,然而,对于一些具有文化兼容性的词语或句子,使用异化的方法进行翻译则更能使译文读者较为深入的了解原语文化。例一:原谅他吧!想想我们在十七、八岁的时候,也许都有过类似他这样的经历。MayHeavenforgivehim!Justthinkaboutourselveswhenwewereinourseventeensandeighteens,wemighthavethesameexperiencesorfeelings.例二:孙少平来说,就象一颗炸弹在面前爆炸了:天啊,他要到黄原去?ThisnewswaslikeabombexplodingrightinfrontofShaoping二GoodHeavens,washereallygoingtoHuangyuan?33 在上面两个例子中,出现了“原谅他吧”和“天啊”这两句感叹句。在初次翻译这两句话时,笔者将其翻译为MayGodforgivehim和HolyGod,后经导师指点,修改为MayHeavenforgivehim和GoodHeavens,这两组翻译之间,看似;R是简单的God和Heaven之间的替换,实则不然。在中国,“天”的形彖传达了道家的观念以及旧时期中国农村农民的信仰,而God—词则代表了西方基督教文化。由于这两个词在根本上有着一定的差别,因此,笔者在这里使用了异化法将“天”译为Heaven,更好的保留了原文中“天”的形象,也能使译文读者进一步的体味和了解中国文化与西方文化的不同之处。李建军在谈及归化和异化问题时曾说:“从翻译的目的看,文化的输入应该倾向于归化,以保护本族文化的纯洁性,但文化的输出应该倾向于异化,以促使本族文化的外介,扩大本族文化的影响。”(李建军,107)而原文的翻译正是一种文化的输出,显然,这里使用异化法更为恰当,5.删除法删除法即删去含有影响理解的文化缺省和文化冲突的字词,以使句子通顺简洁,易于译入语读者的理解。例一:己经度过了半年的城市生活,她也懂得把自己农村式的“家娃”头,像城市姑娘一样扎起了两个短辫。Shehasalreadyspenthalfayearintown,thussheunderstoodhowtochangehercountrifiedhairstyleintotwoshortbraids,makingherselflookmorelikeatowngirl.例二:因此,她只有寻个好婆家、好对象,才有可能改变她和全家人的状况Onlybymarryingadecentyoungman,couldshechangethefamily'ssituationaswellasherowndestiny.在例-.中,原句的“家娃”-?词是陝两方n,包含有“乡下人”的意思。这样的方言表达法在英语中是不存在的,因而也形成了文化缺省。由于句中已经较为细致的描绘为“农村式的家娃头”,“家娃”一词在句中并不扮演十分軍?4 要的角色,读者从“农村式的”这一修饰词中便可大致想象出文中所描绘的发型形象。因此,这里并没有对“家娃”一词进行意译或释译,而选择了删译,这样既可以避免句式的冗长,保持阅读的美感,又不影响目的语读者对于原文的理解。例二中,原文中的"好婆家”也属于含有文化内涵的词语,由于在西方文化中,儿女婚后都会过着较为独立的生活,“婆家”这一概念在西方文化中会淡泊许多,因此译文对“好婆家”进行了刪译,直接将原句“她只有寻个好婆家、好对象”译为bymarryingadecentyoungman,这样的译法表达了与原句相同的意思,同时也使句式变得更加简洁。删除法更加方便了读者的理解,省去了对文化缺省进行填补的繁琐解释。但是在使用这种方法处理时,译者也应充分考虑原文作者想要传达的语境效果,在不影响原文效果的前提下,进行一定的删译,不可为了省事而删除,否则就会出现欠额翻译。四、结语本文主要探讨了在翻译中处理文化缺省现象的几种翻译策略。在翻译过程中,文化缺省是译者不得不面对的一个问题,因为原文作者在写作时不可能为译文读者的接受能力着想,因而在翻译过程中需要进行必要的文化补偿。翻译并非易事,尤其是将一种含有特殊文化内涵的语言译为另…种不同文化背景的语言更是难上加难,翻译过程中难免会出现对于原文的曲解或误解。在翻译《平凡的世界》第一部17-18章的过程中,笔者釆取了注释法、意译法、直译法、异化法、删除法这几种翻译方法对原文的文化缺省进行补偿,尝试在确切表达原文文化内涵的基础上,保持阅读的美感,使译入语读者更加精确地理解原文。因此,译者在翻译时应特别谨慎,在忠实原文的基础上,为两种文化间的沟通和转移搭建桥梁,在文化缺省的补偿过程中应尽力使译文读者欣赏到原文所特有的异国情调以及原文所蕴含的文化信息,而又不能因补偿过量使译文读者失去阅读的美感。因此,在翻译实践中,应根据原文的具体情况以及两种语言的文化因素等,灵活地做出正确合理的补偿策略。35 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