资源描述：
《外文翻译--电池、燃料电池和氢存储系统的清洁能源的最近进展》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、英文原文Keychallengesandrecentprogressinbatteries,fuelcells,andhydrogenstorageforcleanenergysystemsStevenG.Chalka,JamesF.Millerb,∗aU.S.DepartmentofEnergy,1000IndependenceAvenueSW,Washington,DC20585,USAbArgonneNationalLaboratory,9700S.CassAvenue,Argonne,IL60439,USAAvailableonline3July2006AbstractReduc
2、ingoreliminatingthedependencyonpetroleumoftransportationsystemsisamajorelementofUSenergyresearchactivities.Batteriesareakeyenablingtechnologyforthedevelopmentofclean,fuel-efficientvehiclesandarekeytomakingtoday’shybridelectricvehiclesasuccess.Fuelcellsarethekeyenablingtechnologyforafuturehydrogen
3、economyandhavethepotentialtorevolutionizethewaywepowerournations,offeringcleaner,moreefficientalternativestotoday’stechnology.Additionallyfuelcellsaresignificantlymoreenergyefficientthancombustion-basedpowergenerationtechnologies.Fuelcellsareprojectedtohaveenergyefficiencytwicethatofinternalcombu
4、stionengines.Howeverbeforefuelcellscanrealizetheirpotential,significantchallengesremain.Thetwomostimportantarecostanddurabilityforbothautomotiveandstationaryapplications.RecentelectrocatalystdevelopmentshaveshownthatPtalloycatalystshaveincreasedactivityandgreaterdurabilitythanPtcatalysts.Thedurab
5、ilityofconventionalfluorocarbonmembranesisimproving,andhydrocarbon-basedmembraneshavealsoshownpromiseofequalingtheperformanceoffluorocarbonmembranesatlowercost.Recentannouncementshavealsoprovidedindicationsthatfuelcellscanstartfromfreezingconditionswithoutsignificantdeterioration.Hydrogenstorages
6、ystemsforvehiclesareinadequatetomeetcustomerdrivingrangeexpectations(>300milesor500km)withoutintrusionintovehiclecargoorpassengerspace.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyhasestablishedthreecentersofExcellenceforhydrogenstoragematerialsdevelopment.Thecentersarefocusedoncomplexmetalhydridesthatcanber
7、egeneratedonboardavehicle,chemicalhydridesthatrequireoff-boardreprocessing,andcarbon-basedstoragematerials.Recentdevelopmentshaveshownprogresstowardthe2010DOEtargets.InadditionDOEhasestablishedanindependentstoragemater
