资源描述：
《能源专业外文翻译--燃料电池及其发展前景.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、外文原文:FuelCellsandTheirProspectsAfuelcellisanelectrochemicalconversiondevice.Itproduceselectricityfromfuel(ontheanodeside)andanoxidant(onthecathodeside),whichreactinthepresenceofanelectrolyte.Thereactantsflowintothecell,andthereactionproductsflowoutofit,whiletheelectrolyteremainswithi
2、nit.Fuelcellscanoperatevirtuallycontinuouslyaslongasthenecessaryflowsaremaintained.Fuelcellsaredifferentfromelectrochemicalcellbatteriesinthattheyconsumereactantfromanexternalsource,whichmustbereplenished-athermodynamicallyopensystem.Bycontrastbatteriesstoreelectricalenergychemically
3、andhencerepresentathermodynamicallyclosedsystem.Manycombinationsoffuelandoxidantarepossible.Ahydrogencelluseshydrogenasfuelandoxygen(usuallyfromair)asoxidant.Otherfuelsincludehydrocarbonsandalcohols.Otheroxidantsincludechlorineandchlorinedioxide.FuelcelldesignAfuelcellworksbycatalysi
4、s,separatingthecomponentelectronsandprotonsofthereactantfuel,andforcingtheelectronstotravelthoughacircuit,henceconvertingthemtoelectricalpower.Thecatalysttypicallycomprisesaplatinumgroupmetaloralloy.Anothercatalyticprocesstakestheelectronsbackin,combiningthemwiththeprotonsandoxidantt
5、oformwasteproducts(typicallysimplecompoundslikewaterandcarbondioxide).Atypicalfuelcellproducesavoltagefrom0.6Vto0.7Vatfullratedload.Voltagedecreasesascurrentincreases,duetoseveralfactors:ActivationlossOhmicloss(voltagedropduetoresistanceofthecellcomponentsandinterconnects)Masstranspo
6、rtloss(depletionofreactantsatcatalystsitesunderhighloads,causingrapidlossofvoltage)Todeliverthedesiredamountofenergy,thefuelcellscanbecombinedinseriesandparallelcircuits,whereseriesyieldhighervoltage,andparallelallowsastrongercurrenttobedrawn.Suchadesigniscalledafuelcellstack.Further
7、,thecellsurfaceareacanbeincreased,toallowstrongercurrentfromeachceltProtonexchangefuelcellsInthearchetypalhydrogen-oxygenprotonexchangemembranefuelcell(PEMFC)design,aproton-conductingpolymermembrane,(theelectrolyte),separatestheanodeandcathodesides.Thiswascalleda”solidpolymerelectrol
8、ytefuelcell"
