英美文化概况考试简答题

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1、一．美国the3branchesoftheU.Sfederalgovernmentthelegislativebranch(立法机构)theexecutivebranch(行政机构)thejudicialbranch(司法机构)(1)thelegislativebranchThelegislativebranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromallofthestatesandistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,levyfederaltaxes,declarewaror

2、putforeigntreatiesintoeffect.ItconsistsofaCongressthatisdividedintotwohouses.1）TheHouseofRepresentatives（众议院）Itcompriseslawmakerswhoservetwo-yearterms.Eachmemberrepresentsadistrictinhisorherhomestate.Thenumberofdistrictsinastateisdeterminedbyacountofthepopulationtakenevery10ye

3、ars.2）TheSenate（参议院）Itcompriseslawmakerswhoservesix-yearterms.Eachstate,regardlessofpopulation,hastwosenators.One-thirdoftheSenateiselectedeverytwoyears.ThemaindutyoftheCongressistomakelaws,includingthosewhichlevytaxesthatpayfortheworkofthefederalgovernment.Alawbeginsasapropos

4、alcalleda"bill".WhenbothhousesofCongresspassabillonwhichtheyagree,itissenttothepresidentforhissignature.Onlyafteritissigneddoesthebillbecomealaw.(2)TheexecutivebranchThechiefexecutiveoftheUnitedStatesisthepresident,who,togetherwiththevicepresident,iselectedtoafour-yearterm.Und

5、eraConstitutionalAmendment（修正案）passedin1951,apresidentcanbeelectedtoonlytwoterms.Thepowersofthepresidencyareformidable:thechiefformulatorofpublicpolicycommanderinchiefofthearmedforcesproposeslegislationtoCongressvetoanybillpassedbyCongress(Thevetocanbeoverriddenbyatwo-thirdsvo

6、teinboththeSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.)hasbroadpowerstoissueregulationsanddirectivesregardingtheworkofthefederalgovernment'smanydepartmentsandagencies.hastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur,includingmembersoftheSupremeCourt.(subjecttoconfirmationbytheSenate

7、)appointstheheadsandseniorofficialsofthemajordepartmentsofthegovernmentwhocollectivelymakeupthepresident'scabinet.(thelargemajorityoffederalworkers,however,areselectedthroughanonpoliticalcivilservicesystem.)(confirmedbytheSenate)primarilyresponsibleforhandlingforeignrelationsc

8、aneasilyinfluencepublicopinion.(3)ThejudicialbranchThejudicia