平狄克微观经济学英文

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1、个人收集整理勿做商业用途CHAPTER4INDIVIDUALANDMARKETDEMANDTEACHINGNOTESChapter4reliesontwoimportantideasfromChapter3:theinfluenceofpriceandincomechangesonthebudgetline,andhowtodeterminetheoptimalconsumerchoice.Thechapterfocusesonderivingindividualdemandgraphicallybychangingeitherpriceorin

2、come,determiningtheincomeandsubstitutioneffectsofapricechange,derivingmarketdemand,demandelasticity,andconsumersurplus.TheseconceptsarecrucialtounderstandingtheapplicationofdemandandsupplyanalysisinChapter9aswellasthediscussionofmarketfailureinPartsIIIandIV.Theanalyticaltools

3、studentslearninthischapterwillbeimportantforthediscussionoffactorsupplyanddemandinChapter14.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Whendiscussingthederivationofdemand,reviewhowthebudgetcurvepivotsaroundaninterceptaspricechangesandhowoptimalquantitieschangeasthebudgetlinepivots.Oncestudentsunderstand

4、theeffectofpricechangesonconsumerchoice,theycangraspthederivationofthepriceconsumptionpathandtheindividualdemandcurve.Remindstudentsthatthepriceaconsumeriswillingtopayisameasureofthemarginalbenefitofconsuminganotherunit.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Incomeandsubstitutioneffectsareoftendiffi

5、cultforthestudenttounderstand,andtheyfrequentlyhavetroublerememberingwhicheffectiswhichonthegraph.Emphasizethatthesubstitutioneffectexplainstheportionofthechangeindemandcausedbythechangeinrelativeprices(apivotofthebudgetline)andtheincomeeffectexplainstheportionofthechangeinde

6、mandcausedbyachangeinpurchasingpower(ashiftofthebudgetline).Thedistinctionbetweennormalandinferiorgoodsisusedtodeterminethedirectionoftheincomeeffect.Youmightpointoutthatthedemandcurvecanonlyslopeupwardsifthegoodisinferiorandtheincomeeffectisunusuallylarge(aGiffengood).Doinga

7、lotofexamplesishelpful.Youmightevenskipthetopicaltogetherifyouarenotpreparedtodevotesometimetoit.Thelaborleisurechoiceproblemandderivationofthelaborsupplycurveisagoodillustrationofincomeandsubstitutioneffects(seeChapter14).文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习Whencoveringtheaggregationofindividual

8、demandcurves,stressthatthisisequivalenttothesummationoftheindividual