句法迁移——一项关于汉语对中国学习者英语被动语态习得的影响实证的研究

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1、Basedontheobservationaboutwhattransferisnot——transferisnotsimplyaconsequenceofhabitformation,notsimplyinterference,notsimplyafallingbackonthenativelanguage,andnotalwaysnativelanguageinfluence——Odlindefinesbroadlytheconceptoflanguagetransferas:…theinfluenceresult

2、ingfromsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandanyotherlanguagethathasbeenpreviously(andperhapsimperfectly)acquired(1989:27).Inthisway,transferisfarremovedfromtheoriginaluseoftheterminbehaviouristtheoriesoflanguagelearning.Thisworkingdefinitionprovi

3、desageneralconceptformanyresearchesintolanguagetransfer.1.2ObjectiveofthepresentstudyOdlin’sdefinitionoftransferisstillvague,because,asOdlin(1989;2003)admits,itsayslittleaboutwhatconstitutesinfluence.Moreover,Singleton(1992)pointsoutthatthepsycholinguisticconten

4、tofOdlin’sbookLanguageTransferisratherlimitedandtherebyitisnotsurprisingthatthedefinitionisnotofferedfromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguistics.Theworkingdefinitionisonlyconcernedwiththeissueofwheretheinfluencecomesfrom.We,here,wouldliketotakeafurtherstepandaskhowlan

5、guagetransfertakesplace.ItisoneofthethreecentralquestionsraisedbyGass&Selinker(1992)(Anothertwocentralquestionsareabouttransferabilityandtransfertypes).Toacertaindegree,itisabouthowlanguagelearnerswithcognitiveandpsychologicalmodelsareinvolvedinlearningthetarget

6、language.Sowearetryingtoanswerthequestionfromcognitiveandpsychologicalperspectiveinthepresentstudy.Someresearcherssuggestthatthenotionoftransfershouldbeapproachedfromacognitiveandpsychologicalperspective.Færch&Kasper(1987)definetransferasapsychologicalprocedureb

7、ymeansofwhichL2learnersactivatetheirL1/Lnknowledgeindevelopingorusingtheirinterlanguage.Thedefinitionreflectstheviewcommonlyheldthattransfershouldbecharacterizedasaprocess.AnotherresearcherSchachter(1992)alsolooksattransferfromthesameperspective,butdoesnotagreet

8、hattransfercanbeviewedasaprocess.Sheclaimsthattransferisnotaprocessatall;rather,thatitisbothafacilitatingandalimitingconditiononthehypothesistestingprocessofL2learnin