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1、NGOs,PublicParticipationandUrbanCommunityDevelopment:SocialReforminLocalUrbanGovernanceinChina*ThisresearchandwritingforthispaperwassupportedbyagrantfromUrbanChinaNetworkinMumfordCenterinUniversityatAlbany.IthankprofessorAnthonyM.OrumandProfessorXiangmingCh
2、enfortheircommentsfortheircommentsonanearlierdraftofthispaper.[Author]YuanRen,PhDAssociateProfessorinInstituteofPopulationResearch,FudanUniversityemail:yuan_r@hotmail.com[ABSTRACT]Thepaperdescribesthereisasocialreformafter1980sinwakesofeconomicreforminlocal
3、urbanChina.Theresearchfocusesonthenewandevolvinglocalgovernancemodelanditsthreesalientfeatures,thoseincludeautonomyinresidentscommittee,developmentofNGOs,publicparticipationandvolunteering.Thesocialreformisattheturningpointfromverticaladministrativepatternt
4、ocivilsocietybasedlocalurbanmanagementpattern.Thepapersuggeststhekeyissuetoadvancesocialreformisthatgovernmentrelaxesitscontrolandempowerstothesociety,anditisneededtomakeinstitutionalbreakthroughwithbottomupcommunitydevelopment.[KEYWORDS]NGO,PublicParticipa
5、tion,CommunityDevelopment,SocialReformRecently,therearemanyinvestigationsoflocalurbanadministrativedevelopmentinchinacities,andmostoftheresearchesareundertheframeworkoflocalpolitics,thatis,theyfocusontransferringpowerfromuppergovernmenttolowerlevelgovernmen
6、tthrough“twolevels’government,andthirdlevels’administration”.Myresearchwilltakeasociologicalpointofview.WhatIwilldiscussisthesocialsysteminurbanChinaafter1980s,andhowtobuildupasocialsystemoutsideandparallelwithgovernmentadministrativesystemthroughgrassroots
7、communitydevelopment.ThisprocessshapestheongoingsocialreforminurbanChina.1.TheNewandEvolvingPatternofLocalUrbanGovernance21Beforethereformandopeningpolicywastaken,Chineseurbanmanagementtooka“totalitariangovernment”pattern,whichmeantanalmightygovernmentcover
8、sallfieldsofsocietyandeconomy.Ittookavertical‘district--subdistrict--residentscommittee’hierarchicmanagementsysteminlocalurbangovernance.Thesubdistrictwastherepresentativeorganizationsofdistrictgovernm
