外文翻译--软件质量保证方法

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1、英文资料翻译WAYSOFSOFTWAREQUALITYASSURANCE一、IntroductionofsoftwarequalityassuranceEventhemostjadedsoftwaredeveloperswillagreethathigh-qualitysoftwareisanimportantgoal.Buthowdowedefinequality?Awagoncesaid,"Everyprogramdoessomethingright,itjustmaynotbethethingthatwewantittodo."Manydefinitionsofsoftw

2、arequalityhavebeenproposedintheliterature.Forourpurposes,softwarequalityisdefinedasConformancetoexplicitlystatedfunctionalandperformancerequirements,explicitlydoc-umenteddevelopmentstandards,andimplicitcharacteristicsthatareexpectedofallpro-fessionallydevelopedsoftware.Thereislittlequestion

3、thatthisdefinitioncouldbemodifiedorextended.Infact,adefinitivedefinitionofsoftwarequalitycouldbedebatedendlessly.Forthepurposesofthisbook,thedefinitionservestoemphasizethreeimportantpoints:1)Softwarerequirementsarethefoundationfromwhichqualityismeasured.Lackofconformancetorequirementsislackofqu

4、ality.2)Specifiedstandardsdefineasetofdevelopmentcriteriathatguidethemannerinwhichsoftwareisengineered.Ifthecriteriaarenotfollowed,lackofqualitywillalmostsurelyresult.3)Asetofimplicitrequirementsoftengoesunmentioned(e.g.,thedesireforeaseofuseandgoodmaintainability).Ifsoftwareconformstoitsexp

5、licitrequirementsbutfailstomeetimplicitrequirements,softwarequalityissuspect.1.BackgroundIssuesQualityassuranceisanessentialactivityforanybusinessthatproducesproductstobeusedbyothers.Priortothetwentiethcentury,qualityassurancewasthesoleresponsibilityofthecraftspersonwhobuiltaproduct.Thefirs

6、tformalqualityassuranceandcontrolfunctionwasintroducedatBellLabsin121916andspreadrapidlythroughoutthemanufacturingworld.Duringthe1940s,moreformalapproachestoqualitycontrolweresuggested.Thesereliedonmeasurementandcontinuousprocessimprovementaskeyelementsofqualitymanagement.Today,everycompan

7、yhasmechanismstoensurequalityinitsproducts.Infact,explicitstatementsofacompany'sconcernforqualityhavebecomeamarketingployduringthepastfewdecades.Thehistoryofqualityassuranceinsoftwaredevelopmentparallelsthehistoryofqualityinhardwaremanufacturing.Duringtheearly