外文翻译---软件和软件工程

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1、外文翻译:Softwareandsoftwareengineering----thesoftwareappearanceandenumeratesAsthedecadeofthe1980sbegan,afrontpagestoryinbusinessweekmagazinetrumpetedthefollowingheadline:”software:thenewdrivingforce.”softwarehadcomeofage—ithadbecomeatopicformanagementconcern.duringthemid-1980s,acoverstoryinforeu

2、nelamented“AGrowingGapinSoftware,”andatthecloseofthedecade,businessweekwarnedmanagersabout”theSoftwareTrap—Automateorelse.”Asthe1990sdawned,afeaturestoryinNewsweekasked”CanWeTrustOurSoftware?”andThewallstreetjournalrelatedamajorsoftwarecompany’stravailswithafrontpagearticleentitled“CreatingNe

3、wSoftwareWasanAgonizingTask…”theseheadlines,andmanyotherslikethem,wereaharbingerofanewunderstandingoftheimportanceofcomputersoftware----theopportunitiesthatitoffersandthedangersthatitposes.Softwarehasnowsurpassedhardwareasthekeytothesuccessofmanycomputer-basedsystems.Whetheracomputerisusedtor

4、unabusiness,controlaproduct,orenableasystem,softwareisthefactorthatdifferentiates.Thecompletenessandtimelinessofinformationprovidedbysoftware(andrelateddatabases)differentiateonecompanyfromitscompetitors.Thedesignand“humanfriendliness”ofasoftwareproductdifferentiateitfromcompetingproductswith

5、anotherwisesimilarfunction.Theintelligenceandfunctionprovidedbyembeddedsoftwareoftendifferentiatetwosimilarindustrialorconsumerproducts.Itissoftwarethatcanmakethedifference.Duringthefirstthreedecadesofthecomputingera,theprimarychallengewastodevelopcomputerhardwarethatreducedthecostofprocessin

6、gandstoringdata.Throughoutthedecadeofthe1980s,advancesinmicroelectronicsresultedinmorecomputingpoweratincreasinglylowercost.Today,theproblemisdifferent.Theprimarychallengeduringthe1990sistoimprovethe-12-quality(andreducethecost)ofcomputer-basedsolutions-solutionsthatareimplementedwithsoftware

7、.Thepowerofa1980s-eramainframecomputerisavailablenowonadesktop.Theawesomeprocessingandstoragecapabilitiesofmodernhardwarerepresentcomputingpotential.Softwareisthemechanismthatenablesustoharnessandtapthispotential.Thecontextinwhichsoftwarehasb