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1、MODULE4–AGROFORESTRYTREEMULTIPLICATIONSession3VegetativepropagationHannahJaenickeIntroductionThefirstpartofthiscontributionlistsreasonsforusingvegetativepropagationapproachesintreedomesticationanddiscussessomegeneralaspectsofclonalpropagation.Thesecondpartisded
2、icatedtothedescriptionofvegetativepropagationtechniques,andstartswithanoutlineofthephysiologicalaspectsinvolvedinrootandshootregeneration.Itendswithabrieflistofpossiblepropagationexperiments.Anappendixwithshortsummariesofthemaintechniquesisincluded.PartIReasons
3、forvegetativepropagationVegetativepropagationofplantsistheirreproductionfromvegetativeorgans:stems,roots,leaves,buds,evensinglecells.Throughvegetativepropagationorcloning,exactcopiesofthe‘motherplant’areproduced,aprocessthatcan–intheory–berepeatedindefinitely.T
4、hephenomenonofvegetativepropagationisbasedonthe‘omnipotence’ofplantcells,meaningthatanyplantcell,unlikemostanimalcells,hasthepotentialtoregenerateintoafunctioningMODULE4–AGROFORESTRYTREEMULTIPLICATIONorganismRecentadvancesinmodernbiotechnologyhavenowledtothepos
5、sibilitiesofcloninganimalsaswell,thoughonlyunderlaboratoryconditionsandinexceptionalcases..Vegetativepropagation,asopposedtosexualpropagation(byseed),offersarangeofbenefitsintreedomesticationaswellasinconservationefforts(comparealsowithinformationprovidedinModu
6、le3).(1)Themostimportantbenefitisthecapturingofgeneticdiversity.Assexualreproductionresultsinaconstantrecombinationofgenes,largegeneticdiversityhasdevelopedinwildtreepopulationswhichhavenotundergoneanysystematicimprovementeffort.Byvegetativepropagation,thisdive
7、rsity,orrather:particularlyinterestingtraits,canbe‘captured’andusedbothfortheimprovementofthespeciesandfortheconservationofimportanttraits.Vegetativepropagationmethodsareoftenusedtospeeduptheprocessofdomestication.(2)Farmersexperienceoftenthatwhentheyplantthese
8、edofasuperiorplant,forexampleafruittreewithespeciallytastyfruits,theseedlingdoesnotperformuptotheirexpectations.Thisisbecausethemothertreepresentsonlyhalfthegeneticmake-upof
