types of chemical reactions and reaction …：化学反应和反应类型…

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1、3TYPESOFCHEMICALREACTIONSANDREACTIONPREDICTIONSI.Synthesis/Composition:Twoormoresimplersubstancescombinetoformasingle,morecomplexcompound.Thereactantsmaybetwoelements,anelementandacompound,ortwocompounds.a.GeneralReactionA+BàABb.SpecificExamplesi.Twoelementscombinetoformacomp

2、oundFe+SàFeS2H2+O2à2H2Oii.Non-metallicoxide+wateràanacidCO2+H2OàH2CO3SO3+H2OàH2SO4iii.Metallicoxide+wateràabase(hydroxide)Na2O+H2Oà2NaOHMgO+H2OàMg(OH)2II.Decomposition/Analysis:Thereactantisasinglecompoundthatisdecomposesintotwoormoresimplersubstances.Ifthecompoundisbinary,th

3、entwoelementsaretheproducts.Ifthecompoundisternary,usuallytwosimplercompoundswillbeproduced.Occasionally,aternarycompoundwilldecomposeintoanothercompoundandanelement.a.GeneralReactionABàA+Bb.SpecificExamplesi.Metalliccarbonateàmetallicoxide+carbondioxideMgCO3àMgO+CO23i.Anacid

4、ànon-metallicoxide+waterH2SO4àSO3+H2Oii.Metallichydroxideàmetallicoxide+water2NaOHàNa2O+H2Oiii.Metallicchlorateàmetallicchloride+oxygen2KClO3à2KCl+3O2iv.Binarycompoundsdecompose/breakintorespectiveelements2NaClà2Na+Cl2II.SingleReplacement/SingleDisplacement:Asingleelementanda

5、compoundarethereactants.a.GeneralReactionA+BCàAC+Bb.SpecificExamplesi.Activemetal(group1or2)+wateràhydrogen+metallichydroxide2Na+2H2Oà2NaOH+H2ii.Lessactivemetal(transitionelement)+wateràhydrogen+metallicoxideZn+H2OàZnO+H2iii.Metal+acidàasalt+hydrogenMg+H2SO4àMgSO4+H2iv.Non-me

6、talreplacement(halogens)ZnCl2+F2àZnF2+Cl2ZnCl2+Br2àNoRXNv.Replacementbyamoreactivemetal(useactivitychart)Ca+ZnCl2àCaCl2+ZnAg+MgOàNoRXN3I.DoubleReplacement/DoubleDisplacement:Twocompoundsarethereactants.a.GeneralReactionAB+CDàAD+CBb.SpecificExamplesi.Metallichydroxide+acidàasa

7、lt+water2KOH+H2SO4àK2SO4+2H2Oii.Metallichydroxide+non-metallicoxideàternarycompound+waterMg(OH)2+CO2àMgCO3+H2Oiii.TwocompoundsswitchpartnersH2SO4+2NaClàNa2SO4+2HClII.Combustion:Whenahydrocarbonburnsinair,theendproductsarealwayscarbondioxideandwater.Ifthereisaninsufficientsupp

8、lyofoxygen,theendproductwillbecarbonmonoxideandwater.a.GeneralReacti