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1、NOTES#5:SummaryofReactionTypesCOMBINATION(orsynthesis)REACTIONSIncombinationreactions,twoormoresimplesubstancesarecombinedtoformoneormorenewcomplexsubstances.Thegeneralformforcombinationreactionsis:element(orcompound)+element(orcompound)→compound(s)A+B→CA+B+C→D1.Twoor
2、moreelementscombinetoformasinglecompound.2.Anacidanhydride(nonmetallicoxide)combineswithwatertoformanacid.3.Abasicanhydride(metallicoxide)combineswithwatertoformabase.4.Abasicanhydridecombineswithanacidanhydridetoformasalt.DECOMPOSITIONREACTIONSWhenenergyintheformofhe
3、at,electricity,light,ormechanicalshockissupplied,acompoundmaydecomposetoformtwoormoresimplersubstances.Thegeneralformforthistypeofchemicalreactionsis:compound→twoormoresubstancesAB→A+BABC→AB+C(orA+B+C)1.Whensomeacidsareheated,theydecomposetoformwaterandanacidicoxide(n
4、onmetallicoxide).2.Whensomemetallichydroxidesareheated,theydecomposetoformametallicoxideandwater.3.Whensomemetalliccarbonateareheated,theydecomposetoformametallicoxideandcarbondioxide.4.Whenmetallicchloratesareheated,theydecomposetoformmetallicchloridesandoxygen.5.Mos
5、tmetallicoxidesarestableanddonotreadilydecomposewhenheated.AFEWdodecomposewhenheated.6.Somecompoundscannotbedecomposedbyheating,butcanbedecomposedbyelectricityintotheirelements.SINGLEDISPLACEMENTREACTIONSInsingledisplacementreactions,oneelementdisplacesanotherelementi
6、nacompound.Asingledisplacementreactionhasthegeneralform:element+compound→element+compoundA+BX→B+AXorX+CM→M+CX1.Anactivemetalwilldisplacealessactivemetalinacompound.2.Activemetals(Group1,thealkalimetals;Group2,thealkalineearthmetals)willreactwithwatertoformametallichyd
7、roxideandhydrogengas.(Thehydrogenisdisplaced.)3.ActivemetalssuchasNa,K,Mg,Ca,Zn,Fe,andAlwilldisplacethehydrogeninacidstoformasaltandhydrogengas.4.Anactivenonmetalwilldisplacealessactivenonmetalinacompound.DOUBLEDISPLACEMENTREACTIONSIndoubledisplacementreactions,thepos
8、itiveandnegativeionsoftwocompoundsareexchanged.Thegeneralformfordoubledisplacementreactionsis:compound+compound→compound+com
