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1、Physicslab#1.Springquarter.ROTATIONALDYNAMICSObjectivesStudytherelationshipbetweenforce,leverarm,andtorque;studyhowtorquesaddStudytheconditionsforstaticequilibriumofarigidbodyStudytheconceptof“centerofgravity”PARTA.StaticEquilibriumofRigidBodies:TheRomanbalanceIntroductionTh
2、etorquetcreatedbyaforceFwithrespecttoacertainaxisofrotationist=Fxdwheredistheleverarm,whichistheperpendicular(shortest)distancebetweentheaxisofrotationandthelineofforce.StaticEquilibrium:Inorderforarigidbodytostayinequilibrium,thenetforceandthenettorqueontheobjectmustbothbez
3、ero.Weusuallyonlydealwithmotionofobjectsintwodimensions,inwhichcasetheconditionsforstaticequilibriumareSFx=0,SFy=0,St=0CenterofGravity:Forarigidbodywithfinitesize,theforceofgravityactsonallpartsofthebody.Butforthepurposeofstudyingthetranslationalmotionofthebodyasawholeorthes
4、taticequilibriumofthebody,wecanassumethattheentireweightofthebodyactsatasinglepoint.Thispointisthecenterofgravity.Whenwedrawtheforcediagramforarigidbody,wecanputasingleforceofgravityatthecenterofgravity.ExperimentalSetupEquipment:torqueapparatus,hangers,weightsTheapparatusco
5、nsistsofametersticksuspendedfromafulcrum.Weightsmaybehungfromthemeterstickatvariouspositionsalongthestickbymeansofhangersinordertoapplytorques.Asteelyardbalanceisastraight-beambalancewitharmsofunequallength.Itincorporatesacounterweightwhichslidesalongthecalibratedlongerarmto
6、counterbalancetheloadandindicateitsweight.Asteelyardisalsoknownasasteel-yard,steelyard,commonsteelyard,Romansteelyard,orRomanbalance.A19th-centurysteelyard.Thesteelyardiscomprisedofabalancebeamwhichissuspendedfromapivot(orfulcrum)whichisveryclosetooneendofthebeam.Thetwoparts
7、ofthebeamwhichflankthepivotarethearms.Thearmfromwhichtheobjecttobeweighed(theload)ishungisshortandislocatedclosetothepivotpoint.Theotherarmislonger,isgraduatedandincorporatesacounterweightwhichcanbemovedalongthearmuntilthetwoarmsarebalancedaboutthepivot,atwhichtimetheweighto
8、ftheloadisindicatedbythepositionofthecounterweight.Thesteelyardexemplifiest
