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1、华中科技大学硕士学位论文试论庄子的生死观姓名：柳亮申请学位级别：硕士专业：中国哲学指导教师：李耀南2011-01华中科技大学硕士学位论文摘要本文主体结构一分为三，阐述庄子对于“生”、“死”以及“生死关系”的理解。篇首从万物起源的探讨着手，分述道与物、气与道、物与气的关系。万物依道自化，“道”是万物运作的自然规律，万物待“气”不断生成变化。生命形成之后，于此进入庄子生死哲学的探讨。在至德之世，生命自由本然存在。而在无道之世，仅求活身，圣人应辞让天下，无为而治；世人身处无用，安其性命之情，方能存身。然养形不足以存生，惟藉养神通达自由之境，虚静、心
2、斋、坐忘，皆是养神之道，心外于物，方能逍遥。通达自由之境，必破生死常观。世人视死为亡则惧，而德者视死为归则乐，生之时未达死之境，岂知死时无乐？故行丧之时，内无须忧伤，外无须俗礼。生死属命的造化，人力不得干预，惟安之若命，哀乐无扰其心；否则沦为倒悬之民，其苦更甚。安命方能逍遥。生死之间，并非对立。从齐物论的角度视之，物我既齐，则无“我”和“非我”之别，即“吾丧我”，成心不在，便无是非之争，无生死之别，无觉亦无梦，皆冥于“物化”之中。从气化论的角度视之，气聚为生，气散为死，只有一气之化，而无生死之别。在道中观察生死，生死不二，天人合一。关键词：庄
3、子道气生死I华中科技大学硕士学位论文AbstractThestructureofthisthesisisdividedintothreeparts,studyontheChuangTze’stheoryofLife,Deathandrelationbetweenthem.ThebeginningofthethesisstartedfromdiscussingoforiginalityofLife,thenelaborateddefinitelytherelationbetweenDaoandthings,QiandDao，thingsandQ
4、i,“Dao”isthelawsofnaturesothatallthingsarecomplyingwithDaoandtransformingbythemselvesfollowingQi.Whenlivescomeintobeing,bywhichweinterpretedaboutthephilosophyofLifeandDeathofChuangTze.Duringtheepochofthenaturalworld,freedomoflivingisnativestate.However,whenitcameintotheepoc
5、hwhichhadnotbeencomplyingwithDao,peoplejustwanttoprotecttheirbodyfromoutside.Consequently,thesaintshouldpolitelydeclinethedispositionofthethroneandgovernbydoingnothingthatisagainstnature;Onlypeoplehidetheirusefulnessandconformtotheirownnaturetheycansurvivedfromthetroubledti
6、mes.Maintainingone’sbody(养形),however,failtoliberateoneselfbutresorttomaintainmentaltranquility(养神)whichinclude“tokeepsilence”,”topeaceandquietyourheart”(心斋),“tositdownandfallintooblivionofyourbody”(坐忘).Whenheartisnotcontrolledbysomethingthatisnotinherenttoyournature,youcoul
7、dholdafreeandunfetteredidea.ItisnecessarythatbreakthecivilconceptionofLifeandDeath,onlyinthiswayyoucanflyintothekingdomoffreedom.ThecommonpeoplearefearfulofdeadduetotheydeemdeadasdisappearingforeverwhilethemanwhocomplywithDaoholdtheoppositeattitudebecausetheydeemdeadasgoing
8、home.Howdoyouknowthereisnohappinesswhenyouarekeepinglivingstate,Actually,youarenev
