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1、CHAPTER30TUMORBIOLOGYANDTUMORMARKERSMarcusC.B.Tan,S.PeterGoedegebuure,andTimothyJ.Eberleinagingofpopulations;(2)theincreasingencroachmentofmodi-epidemiologyfiableriskfactors(e.g.,cigarettesmoking,Westerndiet,physicaltumorbiologyinactivity)indevelopingcountries;and(3)therelativelys
2、lowercarcinogenesisdecreaseininfection-relatedcancers.3By2020,70%ofalltumormarkerscancer-relateddeathswillbeindevelopingcountries,inwhichsurvivalrates(20%to30%)arebarelyhalfthoseofdeveloped4countries.Indeed,80%to90%ofpeoplediagnosedwithNeoplasia(literallymeaning“newgrowth”)istheun
3、controlledcancerindevelopingcountriespresentwithlate-stage,terminalproliferationoftransformedcells.Thetermtumor,whichwascancer.Itcanthereforebeseenthatthevastmajorityofcanceroriginallyusedtodescribetheswellingcausedbyinflammation,deathswilloccurincountriesleastequippedtohandlethei
4、snowusedinterchangeablywithneoplasm.Transformationisburden.themultistepprocesswherebynormalcellsacquiremalignantcharacteristics.EachstepreflectsageneticalterationthatconfersAgingandCanceragrowthadvantageovernormalcells.ThereareanumberofCancerdisproportionatelyaffectspeople65yearsa
5、ndolder.InessentialalterationsincellphysiologythatcollectivelyenabletheUnitedStates,thisagegroupcomprises56%ofallnewly1,25malignantgrowth;self-sufficiencyingrowthsignals,evasiondiagnosedcancerpatientsand71%ofallcancerdeaths.Theofprogrammedcelldeath(apoptosis),evasionofimmunedetec-
6、medianageofdeathforcancerscommontobothmenandtionanddestruction,limitlessreplicativepotential,sustainedwomen(includinglung,colorectal,pancreas,stomach,andangiogenesis,andtissueinvasionandmetastasis.Thesecharac-urinarybladder)cancers,rangesfrom71to77years.Theteristicsaresharedbymost
7、,ifnotall,humantumors.numberofpeopleinthisagegroupwilldoubleto70million(oroneinfivepeople)overthenext25years,drivenbytheBabyEPIDEMIOLOGYBoomcohortbornbetween1946and1964.ThisisarecognizedIncidenceisthenumberofnewcaseswithinaspecifiedtimetrendthroughoutthedevelopedworld.frame,usuall
8、yexpressedascases/100,000people/y
