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1、Post-ClusterComputingandtheNextGenerationofScientificApplicationsGerdHeberandDavidLifkaCornellTheoryCenter,CornellUniversityIthaca,NY14853,USAPaulStodghillDepartmentofComputerScience,CornellUniversityIthaca,NY14853,USAperformanceforscientificapplications.Becausethesem
2、achinesweresoexpensiveanddifficulttomaintain,theywereusuallyABSTRACTfoundindedicatedsupercomputingcentersatasmallnumberoflocationsaroundthecountryandtheworld.Inthispaper,wearguethatthedeploymentofhighperformanceTherewereanumberofdifferentclassesofsupercomputer,wideare
3、anetworkscoupledwiththeavailabilityofcommodityincludingvector,SIMD,andMIMD,andtherewereanumbermiddlewarewillproduceanewparadigmofhighperformanceofdifferentmanufacturers,allofwhomemployeddifferentcomputingthatwecallPost-Clustercomputing.Furtherweinstructionsetsandopera
4、tingsystems.Thedissimilarityarguethatthecomputationalsciencecommunityisonthecuspofthischange,andalreadyweareseeingsystemsdeployedthatbetweenmachinesmadeitextremelydifficulttoportapieceofutilizethisnewstyleofcomputing.Wediscusstwosystemsthatsoftwarefromonemachinetomach
5、ineanother,ortogetwearedevelopingalongtheselines,aframeworkfordeployingdifferentmachinestoworktogetheronasingleproblem.Italsoscientificapplicationsaswebservicesandafinite-elementmeantthatapplicationsoftenhadtobedevelopeddirectlyonmethod(FEM)analysissystemthatusescomme
6、rcialrelationalthesemachines.databasesystems(RDBMS’s)insteadofflatfiles.WearguethatCluster-basedHPC-Inthenineties,thegapbetweensuper-bothofthesesystemsleveragecommoditymiddlewareinorderandgeneral-purposecomputersgrewincreasinglysmaller.toallowustowriteapplicationsthat
7、aremoredistributed,Severalgroupsstartedbuildingclustersfromcommodityflexible,andeasiertoimplementthan,andyetperformdesktopcomputersandnetworksandfoundthatthesemachinescompetitivelywith,ourprevioussystems.wereabletoachievealevelofperformancethatwascompetitivewithsuperc
8、omputersforanumberofscientificKeywords:Post-Clustercomputing,middleware,distributedapplications.Inthepastfewyears,asPC’sandt
