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1、(27):最友善的砍伐--热带森林管理与经营沪江英语
2、chenjilong上一期 下一期TEXT27Thekindestcut最友善的砍伐(陈继龙编译)May25th2006FromTheEconomistprinteditionDEPRESSINGreportsabouthowquicklytheworld'stropicalforestsarebeingf________①arecommonplace.Butdepressingreportsaboutthestateofthetreesthatarestillstandingaremuchrarer.In
3、fact,anewstudyfromtheInternationalTropicalTimberOrganisation(ITTO),anoffshootoftheUnitedNations,claimstobethefirstexhaustivesurveyoftropical-forestmanagementeverundertaken.(1)Itsfindings,althoughgrim,docontainakernel[1]ofhope.有关全球热带森林遭到乱砍滥伐、令人痛心的报道极为常见,但是痛陈现存林木状况的报道却少之又少。事实上,联合国分支机构—
4、—国际热带木材组织(ITTO)新近开展的一项研究,据称是首次对热带森林管理现状进行深入调查。其发现虽然令人沮丧,但从中我们还是看到了一线希望。TheITTOexamined“permanentforestestate”,meaninglandthatthegovernmentsofits33membershaveformallysetasideforforests,andisthereforesubjecttosomeformofregulationorprotection.Thecategoryincludesbothnationalparksandtimbe
5、rconcessions,inbothpublicandp________②hands.Itcovers814mhectares,andaccountsforroughlytwo-thirdsoftheworld'stropicalforests.ITTO调查的对象是“永久性森林地产”,也就是被ITTO所属33个成员国政府正式划作森林地域,从而受到某种形式的管理或保护的土地。它涉及国家森林公园和木材的特许经营,包括国营和私营。地产总面积达8.14亿公顷,约占全球热带森林面积的三分之二。Theconceptisimportant,explainsDuncanPoo
6、re,oneoftheauthorsofthereport,becauseitisnotalwayspossible,ordesirable,toprotecteverylastgroveagainstencroaching[2]farmsorhomes.Instead,governmentsshouldc__________③onmaintainingtheforeststhatarethemostcommerciallyandscientificallyvaluable.YettheITTO'sresearchersfoundthatonly15%ofthe
7、permanentforestestatehasamanagementplan,andlessthan5%ofitissustainablymanaged.ThatstillamountstoanareathesizeofGermany,thereportnotes,andrepresentsadramaticimprovementsince1988,whenanearlierandlessextensivesurveyfoundthatonlyonecountryinthetropics—TrinidadandTobago—hadanywell-runfore
8、stsatall.But(2)relativetotheareaofforestthathasdisappearedoverthesameperiod,thewell-managedareaisnegligible.此项研究报告的作者之一邓肯•玻尔解释说,这一概念意义重大,因为我们不可能,也不值得对每一片濒临消失的小树林都一直进行保护以避免其被农田或住宅侵占。相反,政府应当集中精力养护好那些最具有商业和科学价值的森林。可是ITTO的研究人员却发现,在“永久性森林地产”中,仅15%有着相应的管理方案,而能坚持贯彻执行这一方案的只有5%。报告中提到,整个地产所涵盖的
9、区域相当于一个德国的大小