资源描述:
《用功利主义分析道德困境》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、EthicalDilemma(Utilitarianism)I.Casestudy:AnAmericanmanagerpaysavisittoafactoryinaverypoorcountry,thelocalmanagershowshimaround.TheAmericanmanagerfindsayounggirlisworkinginthefactoryandaskshernameandage,andthenhetellsthelocalmanagertofirehersincehiringunderageworkerisaviolationtothecom
2、pany’srules.Withoutthejob,thelittlegirlhastobecomeaprostitutetosupportherandherlittlebrother.Oneyearlater,thelittlegirldiesofAIDS,andherlittlebrotherhastobeginthestreet.Oneyearlater,thelittleboyalsodiesofhunger.Nowthereisanethicdilemma,weshouldjudgewhethertheAmericanManagerdoesinthisca
3、seisrightorwrong?Ifheknowstheconsequencetheactionbrings,willhefirethelittlegirl?II.Presentation:Today,inmypresentation,therearetotally3parts.First,itisthetheoryofUtilitarianism.Second,I’llanalyzethecaseaccordingtothetheory;andintheend,aconclusionwillbemadeonthebasisofUtilitarianism.今天,
4、在我的课堂呈现中,总共有三部分。第一,是功利主义的理论。第二,我会就这个理论分析案例。最后,在功利主义的基础上我会做一个总结。Nowlet’smovetothefirstpart.UtilitarianismisatheorythatwasproposedbyJohnStuartMill,aphilosopherfromBritain.Histheoryismainlyfocusedontheconsequencesofanaction,ratherthanitsprocess.Thereisaprinciplethatdefinesthetheory,whichi
5、scalledGreatestHappinessPrinciple.Theprinciplemeanswhenwejudgeifanactionisrightorwrong,weshouldevaluatethehappinessitbrings.现在让我们进入第一部分。功利主义的理论是由JohnStuartMill提出的,他是一个英国的哲学家。他的理论主要集中于一个动作的结果而非过程。有一个原则能够定义该理论,就是最大快乐原则。这个原则意思是当我们判断一个动作是好的还是坏的,我们应该评估这个动作所带来的快乐。Next,Iwillsaysomethingaboutt
6、hecase.Accordingtothetheory,Iherebydividetheconsequencesofthecaseinto2parts,oneisthepleasureandtheotheristhepain.First,intermsofpleasures,forcompanieswhoemploychildlabor,theywillgainagreaterprofitsincetheypayalittlemoneytochildlabor.Forthem,moremoneybringsmorepleasure.Regardingthosefam
7、ilieswhosendchildrentowork,theywillhavemoreincome,althoughnotmuch,itcanstillhelpthempaybills.接下来,我会谈谈这个案例。根据这个理论,我把这个案例的结果分为两个部分,一个是快乐,另一个是痛苦。第一在快乐方面,对于这些雇佣童工的公司,他们会获得更多的利益因为他们支付给童工很少的钱。对他们来说,更多的钱就意味着更多的快乐。至于这些家庭,他们把孩子送去工作,他们会有更多的收入,尽管不多,但依然能够帮他们清偿一些债务。Now,howaboutthepains?Painswille