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时间:2019-02-01
《英语翻译与写作-attributiveclauses》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、AttributiveClausesI.英汉定语结构的对比Ø英语的定语从句呈右开放状,从理论上讲,一个句子可以向右无限扩展。ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.Ø汉语没有定语从句之说,作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词之前(左边),用“、、、、、、的”结构表现,呈左封闭状。这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。Ø如果“、、、、、、的、、、、、、的”太多,就会不知所云,影响对整个句子的理解。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的
2、蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。II.限制性定语从句1.合并法(combination):在定语从句较短的情况下(一般在10个词之内),将定语从句合并于主句,用“、、、、、、的”结构译出。1)Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.2)Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.3)JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.4)Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbe
3、nodustatall.2.分译法(division):即化整为零,分别翻译。这种方法比较适合长而复杂的定语从句。分译时,可以重复先行词。1)Eachdaywemakechoicesthataffectourlivesandsometimesthelivesofothers.2)TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.3)Betweenthesetwoparticles,thep
4、rotonandtheelectron,thereisapowerfulattractionthatisalwayspresentbetweennegativeandpositiveelectriccharges.4)Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermornings.在主题明确的情况下,也可以不重复先行词。5)Late19thcenturysawalluniversitiesintheUnitedStat
5、esadoptthecreditsystem,whichbenefitedstudentsagreatdeal.6)Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweigheduptotwopoundseach.7)Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.8)Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.3.混合法(mixture):即打破原文的定
6、语结构,根据对原文的理解,用自己的话译出原文的意思。1)Thereweremeninthatcrowdwhohadstoodthereeverydayforamonth.2)Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.3)Fortunately,therearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.4)Therearesomemetalswhichpossessthepowertoconductelectricityandtheability3tobemagnetized.有时候,有些英语复句中
7、主句结构简单,重心在定语从句上。在这种情况下,可将主句压缩成一个单句的主语,将定语从句译作谓语。1)Weareanationthatmustbegtostayalive.2)Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisitor.3)Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.4)Goodclockshavepend
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