资源描述:
《关于英国和美国简介的测验重点.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、TestPointsforAnIntroductiontoBritainandAmerica关于英国和美国简介的测验重点UK英国LandandPeople地域和人民1.FullnameofUK,P3--TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandUK的全名P3大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合国2.ThreepoliticalareasofGreatBritain:EnglandintheSouth,ScotlandintheNorth,andWalesintheSouthwest,P3大不列颠
2、的三个政治地区:南英格兰,北苏格兰,西南威尔士P33.DevelopmentofEnglishLanguage,P16英语的发展P16OldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,ModernEnglish古代英语,中世纪英语,现代英语Politics--constitutionalmonarchy政治体系–宪法君主制CentralGovernmentP24中央政府P24ØTheEnglishCentralGovernmentincludestheMonarch,ParliamentandtheCabinet.英国中央政府包括君主
3、,议会,内阁ØParliamentisthelaw-makingbody.Itconsistsofthreeelements:theQueen,theHouseofLords,andtheHouseofCommons议会负责制定法律。它由三个元素组成:皇后,君主家族,公共部门ØTheexecutivebranch,orofficiallycalledHerMajesty’sGovernment,consistsoftheCabinetandvariousdepartments.The行政部门,官方称谓女皇政府,包括内阁和其他各种部门。
4、1.RolesofTheMonarch,P130君主的角色功能P130Theoretically,themonarchembodiessupremacyasheadofstate.P130理论上,君主如同国家元首般享有至高无上的权力。Butinrealitysheisonlyafigure-head.SheonlydoeswhattheParliamentandthePrimeMinisterwanthertodo.Herroleinthegovernmentisakindofformality.P131但是实际上女皇仅仅是傀儡。她仅
5、仅做议会和首相想要她做的事。她在政府中的角色只是一种形式。P131Shereigns,butdoesnotrule.P133她在位,但不是法规P133BuckinghamPalaceP130白金汉宫P130WindsorCastleP130温莎城堡P1302.HouseofLords君主家族ØFiveTitlesofnobility:Duke,Marquess,Earl,Viscount,andBaron,P135五个贵族:Duke,Marquess,Earl,Viscount,和BaronP135ØThepresidentofthe
6、UpperHouseiscalledtheLordChancellorwhowasoncetheking’schiefadvisorandright-handman.P137较高贵的家族的首领叫做君主大臣,他是KING的首席咨询官以及左右手。3.HouseofCommons公共部门ØIt’smadeupof659MembersofParliamentwhoaredirectlyelectedbyuniversaladultsuffrage.它由659个有选举权的普通成年人直接选举产生的议员组成。ØTheGovernmentParty,
7、P138,theOppositionParty,P139执政党P138反对党P139ThePartywhichwinssufficientseatsatageneralelectiontocommandamajorityofsupportersintheHouseofCommonsisaskedtoformthegovernmentbytheQueen.Asaresult,thepartyitselfbecomesknownastheGovernmentParty.Thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnu
8、mberofseatsbecomesknownastheOppositionParty.在普通选举中赢得大多数支持者和足够多席位的政党组成政府。所以,这个政党自动成为政府执政党。赢得第二多席位的政党成为反对党。ØLaw-