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1、METEOROLOGYbyAristotletranslatedbyE.W.WebsterBookI1WEhavealreadydiscussedthefirstcausesofnature,andallnaturalmotion,alsothestarsorderedinthemotionoftheheavens,andthephysicalelement-enumeratingandspecifyingthemandshowinghowtheychangeintooneanother-andbecom
2、ingandperishingingeneral.Thereremainsforconsiderationapartofthisinquirywhichallourpredecessorscalledmeteorology.Itisconcernedwitheventsthatarenatural,thoughtheirorderislessperfectthanthatofthefirstoftheelementsofbodies.Theytakeplaceintheregionnearesttothe
3、motionofthestars.Sucharethemilkyway,andcomets,andthemovementsofmeteors.Itstudiesalsoalltheaffectionswemaycallcommontoairandwater,andthekindsandpartsoftheearthandtheaffectionsofitsparts.Thesethrowlightonthecausesofwindsandearthquakesandalltheconsequencesth
4、emotionsofthesekindsandpartsinvolve.Ofthesethingssomepuzzleus,whileothersadmitofexplanationinsomedegree.Further,theinquiryisconcernedwiththefallingofthunderboltsandwithwhirlwindsandfire-winds,andfurther,therecurrentaffectionsproducedinthesesamebodiesbycon
5、cretion.Whentheinquiryintothesemattersisconcludedletusconsiderwhataccountwecangive,inaccordancewiththemethodwehavefollowed,ofanimalsandplants,bothgenerallyandindetail.Whenthathasbeendonewemaysaythatthewholeofouroriginalundertakingwillhavebeencarriedout.Af
6、terthisintroductionletusbeginbydiscussingourimmediatesubject.2Wehavealreadylaiddownthatthereisonephysicalelementwhichmakesupthesystemofthebodiesthatmoveinacircle,andbesidesthisfourbodiesowingtheirexistencetothefourprinciples,themotionoftheselatterbodiesbe
7、ingoftwokinds:eitherfromthecentreortothecentre.Thesefourbodiesarefire,air,water,earth.Fireoccupiesthehighestplaceamongthemall,earththelowest,andtwoelementscorrespondtotheseintheirrelationtooneanother,airbeingnearesttofire,watertoearth.Thewholeworldsurroun
8、dingtheearth,then,theaffectionsofwhichareoursubject,ismadeupofthesebodies.Thisworldnecessarilyhasacertaincontinuitywiththeuppermotions:consequentlyallitspowerandorderisderivedfromthem.(Fortheoriginatingprincipleofal
