Nicomachean Ethics《尼各马科伦理学》

Nicomachean Ethics《尼各马科伦理学》

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时间:2019-01-22

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1、NICOMACHEANETHICSbyAristotletranslatedbyW.D.RossBOOKI1EVERYartandeveryinquiry,andsimilarlyeveryactionandpursuit,isthoughttoaimatsomegood;andforthisreasonthegoodhasrightlybeendeclaredtobethatatwhichallthingsaim.Butacertaindifferenceisfoundamongends;someareactiv

2、ities,othersareproductsapartfromtheactivitiesthatproducethem.Wherethereareendsapartfromtheactions,itisthenatureoftheproductstobebetterthantheactivities.Now,astherearemanyactions,arts,andsciences,theirendsalsoaremany;theendofthemedicalartishealth,thatofshipbuil

3、dingavessel,thatofstrategyvictory,thatofeconomicswealth.Butwheresuchartsfallunderasinglecapacity-asbridle-makingandtheotherartsconcernedwiththeequipmentofhorsesfallundertheartofriding,andthisandeverymilitaryactionunderstrategy,inthesamewayotherartsfallunderyet

4、others-inallofthesetheendsofthemasterartsaretobepreferredtoallthesubordinateends;foritisforthesakeoftheformerthatthelatterarepursued.Itmakesnodifferencewhethertheactivitiesthemselvesaretheendsoftheactions,orsomethingelseapartfromtheactivities,asinthecaseofthes

5、ciencesjustmentioned.2If,then,thereissomeendofthethingswedo,whichwedesireforitsownsake(everythingelsebeingdesiredforthesakeofthis),andifwedonotchooseeverythingforthesakeofsomethingelse(foratthatratetheprocesswouldgoontoinfinity,sothatourdesirewouldbeemptyandva

6、in),clearlythismustbethegoodandthechiefgood.Willnottheknowledgeofit,then,haveagreatinfluenceonlife?Shallwenot,likearcherswhohaveamarktoaimat,bemorelikelytohituponwhatisright?Ifso,wemusttry,inoutlineatleast,todeterminewhatitis,andofwhichofthesciencesorcapacitie

7、sitistheobject.Itwouldseemtobelongtothemostauthoritativeartandthatwhichismosttrulythemasterart.Andpoliticsappearstobeofthisnature;foritisthisthatordainswhichofthesciencesshouldbestudiedinastate,andwhicheachclassofcitizensshouldlearnanduptowhatpointtheyshouldle

8、arnthem;andweseeeventhemosthighlyesteemedofcapacitiestofallunderthis,e.g.strategy,economics,rhetoric;now,sincepoliticsusestherestofthesciences,andsince,again,itlegislatesastowhatwe

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