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1、350BCNICOMACHEANETHICSbyAristotletranslatedbyW.D.RossBOOKI51525364758697118149161017111912201321BOOKII24124225326428529630732834BOOKIII37137240342444545648749850953105411561257BOOKIV58192158263365469570672773874976BOOKV7717727938148358468778888999110941196BOO
2、KVI97197298310041005101610271038104910610108111081211013111BOOKVII1131113211431164119512161227124812619291271012811129121301313214133BOOKVIII1351135213731374139514161427143814491461014711148121501315114153BOOKIX155115521573158415951616162716381659167101691117
3、112172BOOKX173117321743175417751796182718381859187192192BOOKI1EVERYartandeveryinquiry,andsimilarlyeveryactionandpursuit,isthoughttoaimatsomegood;andforthisreasonthegoodhasrightlybeendeclaredtobethatatwhichallthingsaim.Butacertaindifferenceisfoundamongends;som
4、eareactivities,othersareproductsapartfromtheactivitiesthatproducethem.Wherethereareendsapartfromtheactions,itisthenatureoftheproductstobebetterthantheactivities.Now,astherearemanyactions,arts,andsciences,theirendsalsoaremany;theendofthemedicalartishealth,that
5、ofshipbuildingavessel,thatofstrategyvictory,thatofeconomicswealth.Butwheresuchartsfallunderasinglecapacity-asbridle-makingandtheotherartsconcernedwiththeequipmentofhorsesfallundertheartofriding,andthisandeverymilitaryactionunderstrategy,inthesamewayotherartsf
6、allunderyetothers-inallofthesetheendsofthemasterartsaretobepreferredtoallthesubordinateends;foritisforthesakeoftheformerthatthelatterarepursued.Itmakesnodifferencewhethertheactivitiesthemselvesaretheendsoftheactions,orsomethingelseapartfromtheactivities,asint
7、hecaseofthesciencesjustmentioned.2If,then,thereissomeendofthethingswedo,whichwedesireforitsownsake(everythingelsebeingdesiredforthesakeofthis),andifwedonotchooseeverythingforthesakeofsomethingelse(foratthatratetheprocesswouldgoontoinfinity,sothatourdesirewoul
8、dbeemptyandvain),clearlythismustbethegoodandthechiefgood.Willnottheknowledgeofit,then,haveagreatinfluenceonlife?Shallwenot,likearcherswhohaveamarktoaimat,bemorelikelytohituponwhatisright?
