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1、2012教育心理学论述题Exposition1,(second)discussthedialecticalrelationbetweencognitivedevelopmentandteaching.(1)cognitivedevelopmentrestrictsthecontentandmethodofteachingAccordingtoPiaget'stheoryofcognitivedevelopmentstage,intheschoolteaching,theteachingofeachsubjectshouldstudyhowtoa
2、dapttothestageofstudents'intellectualdevelopmentandputforwardappropriategoals・(2)teachingpromotesstudents'cognitivedevelopmentPiaget'sresearchstopsatthecognitivedevelopmentstageofchildrenwithoutspecialtraining,butignorestheinfluenceofspecialteaching.TheresearchofBrunerandoth
3、ersshowsthatinteaching,ontheonehand,childrenshouldbeeducatedaccordingtotheirpsychologicaldevelopmentlevel;ontheotherhand,children，scognitivedevelopmentshouldbepromotedthroughcarefullyorganizedteachingcontentsandmethods・(3)ViggoJKiputforwardthefamoustheoryof"RecentDevelopment
4、Zone",whichholdsthatteachingcreatesthenearestdevelopmentzone・Thezoneofproximaldevelopmentreferstothedifferencebetweenthelevelofproblemsolvingandthelevelofproblemsolvingthatcanbeachievedbythehelpofanadultundertheguidanceofachild・Thezoneofproximaldevelopmentillustratesthepossi
5、bilityofchilddevelopment.ViggoJKistressedthatteaching"canbedefinedasartificialdevelopment",teachingcannotonlyadapttotheexistinglevelofchildren，sdevelopment,butshouldadapttothe"RecentDevelopmentZone",thatis,teachingshouldbe"inthedevelopmentofthefront・〃“.1,(third)discussthemai
6、ncontentofBruner，scognitivediscoverylearningtheory.First,theviewoflearning.(1)thetheoryofcognitivegrowthandrepresentation,intheprocessofcognitivegrowth,individualsshouldgothroughthreedifferentstagesofrepresentation:actionrepresentation,imagerepresentation,andsymbolicrepresen
7、tation(2)theessenceoflearningistheformationofcognitivestructure(3)learningconsistsofthreeprocesses:acquisition,transformationandevaluationSecond,teachingview・(1)thepurposeofteachingistounderstandthebasicstructureofthediscipline(codingsystem)(2)promotediscoverylearning:bydisc
8、overingwaysoflearning,ittransformsthebasicstructureofthesubjectintothecogni
