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1、SocialThoughtandResearchSOMEPROBLEMSINTHESTUDYOFORGANIZATIONSTRUCTUREAuthor(s):W.RichardScottSource:Mid-AmericanReviewofSociology,Vol.2,No.1(SPRING1977),pp.1-16Publishedby:AllenPressStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/23254924.Accessed:12/12/201323:32YouruseoftheJSTORarchive
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4、orgThiscontentdownloadedfrom113.108.133.58onThu,12Dec201323:32:20PMAllusesubjecttoJSTORTermsandConditionsSOMEPROBLEMSINTHESTUDYOFORGANIZATIONSTRUCTUREW.RichardScottStanfordUniversityMid-AmericanReviewofSociology,1977,Vol.2,No.1:1-16Lateinthe1950sanimportanttransitionoccurredin
5、sociologicalresearchonorganizations.Priortothattime,studieshadbeenpredominantlyoftwotypes.First,manystudieswereconductedinwhichorganizationsweretreatedascontextsaffectingindividualbehavior.Structuralvariables,suchascentralization,typeofcontrolsystem,anduseofassemblylinetechnol
6、ogy,wereanalyzedasindependentvariablesaffectingavarietyofindividualbehaviorsandconditions,includingsatisfaction,productivity,anddecisionmaking(cf.KatzandKahn,1952;WalkerandGuest,1952;Worthy,1950).Second,asmallernumberofstudiesfocusedontheinterrelationofstructuralcharacteristic
7、swithinasingleorganizationorontheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthesestructuralfeatures.StudiesbyBlau(1955),Clark(1956;1960),Gouldner(1954),andSelznick(1949)exemplifythistypeofcaseinwhichstructuralfeaturesweretreatedasstudydependentvariables—asfeaturestobeexplained.Althoughstud
8、iesofthistypesucceededinfocusingattentionontheproblemofexplai
