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1、TheRationalizationofCharity:TheInfluencesofProfessionalismintheNonprofitSectorAuthor(s):HokyuHwangandWalterW.PowellSource:AdministrativeScienceQuarterly,Vol.54,No.2(Jun.,2009),pp.268-298Publishedby:SagePublications,Inc.onbehalfoftheJohnsonGraduateSchoolofMan
2、agement,CornellUniversityStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/27749324.Accessed:10/12/201300:58YouruseoftheJSTORarchiveindicatesyouracceptanceoftheTerms&ConditionsofUse,availableat.http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp.JSTORisanot-for-prof
3、itservicethathelpsscholars,researchers,andstudentsdiscover,use,andbuilduponawiderangeofcontentinatrusteddigitalarchive.Weuseinformationtechnologyandtoolstoincreaseproductivityandfacilitatenewformsofscholarship.FormoreinformationaboutJSTOR,pleasecontactsuppor
4、t@jstor.org..SagePublications,Inc.andJohnsonGraduateSchoolofManagement,CornellUniversityarecollaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserveandextendaccesstoAdministrativeScienceQuarterly.http://www.jstor.orgThiscontentdownloadedfrom113.108.133.58onTue,10Dec201300:5
5、8:36AMAllusesubjecttoJSTORTermsandConditionsTheRationalizationofThispaperanalyzeshowprofessionalvaluesandpracticesinfluencethecharacterofnonprofitorganizations,Charity:TheInfluenceswithdatafromarandomsampleof501(c)(3)operatingofProfessionalismincharitiesinth
6、eSanFranciscoBayAreacollectedbetweentheNonprofitSector2003and2004.Expandedprofessionalisminthenonprofitworldinvolvesnotonlypaid,full-timecareersandcredenHokyuHwangtialedexpertisebutalsotheintegrationofprofessionalidealsintotheeverydayworldofcharitablework.We
7、UniversityofAlbertaWalterW.PowelldevelopkeyindicatorsofprofessionalismandmeasureorganizationalrationalizationasexpressedintheuseofStanfordUniversityandstrategicplanning,independentfinancialaudits,quantitaSantaFeInstitutetiveprogramevaluation,andconsultants.A
8、shypothesized,charitiesoperatedbypaidpersonnelandfull-timemanagementshowhigherlevelsofrationalization.Whiletraditionalprofessionals(doctors,lawyers,andtheclergy)donotdiffersignificantlyfromexecu
