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1、QuantumCoherence,CorrelationandDecoherenceinSemiconductorNanostructuresThisPageIntentionallyLeftBlankQuantumCoherence,CorrelationandDecoherenceinSemiconductorNanostructuresEditedbyT.TakagaharaDept.ofElectronicsandInformationScience,KyotoInstituteofTechnology,Kyoto,JapanACADEMICPRESSAnimprintofElsev
2、ierScienceAmsterdam•Boston•London•NewYork•Oxford•ParisSanDiego•SanFrancisco•Singapore•Sydney•TokyoThisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.Copyright2003,ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyin
3、g,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.AcademicPressAnImprintofElsevierScience84Theobald’sRoad,LondonWC1X8RR,UKhttp://www.academicpress.comAcademicPressAnImprintofElsevierScience525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,California92101-4495,USAhttp://ww
4、w.academicpress.comISBN0–12–682225–5AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongressAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryTypesetbyReplikaPressPvt.Ltd100%EOU,India.PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyMPGBooksBodmin,Cornwall020304050607MP987654321PrefaceSemiconductornan
5、ostructuresoccupyanintermediatepositionbetweenbulkmaterialsandmoleculesandprovideampleopportunitiestodiscoverunexpectedphenomenaandtorevealnewphysicalaspects.Thediscreteenergyspectraofelectrons,holesandexcitonsduetothequantumconfinementleadtothesuppressionofrelaxationprocessesthatdominateinbulkmate
6、rials,resultinginreducedhomogeneouslinewidthofrelevanttransitions.Thequantumconfinementleadsalsototherelativelylargeoscillatorstrengthoftheexcitonictransitions.Thewavefunctionisextendedcoherentlyoverananostructureandalltheatomictransitiondipolemomentswithinthewavefunctionareaddedupcoherently.Itiswe
7、ll-knownthattheSommerfeldfactorwhichrepresentstherelativeimportanceofthecontinuum(unbound)excitonstatesismonotonicallydecreasingwithreducingthedimensionalityofthesystem.Thusthediscreteexcitonstatesplaythees
