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1、基金项目:国家自然科学基金(30471018),河南省科技创新杰出人才支持计划(094200510003),教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NECT-08-0663),国家农业科技成果转化基金项目(2008GB2D000187)作者简介:杜彦修,1976年生,男,濮阳人,助教,博士,从事水稻育种与分子生物学工作;宋兴年,1984年生,男,阿克苏人,硕士研究生,从事水稻栽培生理方面研究。通讯作者:赵全志,1968年生,驻马店人,教授,博士生导师,从事水稻栽培生理工作。水稻灌浆期夜间高温对叶片衰老及籽粒充实的影响摘要:以粳稻品种方欣4号为材料,在大田环境条件下,研究了
2、水稻灌浆期夜间高温对叶绿素含量、衰老相关酶(SOD、POD和CAT)、MDA含量、产量构成要素及强弱势粒灌浆动态过程的影响.结果表明,灌浆期夜间高温显著降低叶绿素含量,导致衰老提前,缩短灌浆期;夜间高温使SOD酶活性延后5d达到峰值,显著降低了10d和25d的SOD酶活性;使CAT酶活性提前5d达到峰值,极显著的提高了20d的CAT酶活性、极显著的降低了25d的CAT酶活性;对POD酶活性影响不显著;显著提高了MDA含量.夜间高温极显著降低了水稻的结实率、强弱势粒千粒重和强弱势粒的充实度.夜间高温显著降低了强势粒全灌浆期的灌浆速率、极显著的降低了弱势粒全灌浆期的
3、灌浆速率;从灌浆动态过程来看,夜间高温极显著地降低了强势粒10-15d的灌浆速率、显著降低了20-25d的灌浆速率、显著提高了15-20d的灌浆速率,对弱势粒的影响,夜间高温显著提高了0-5d和15-20d的灌浆速率、显著减低了10-15d的灌浆速率、极显著地降低了25-30d的灌浆速率.关键词:水稻;夜间高温;衰老;千粒重;充实度;灌浆速率中图分类号:S511EffectsofhighnighttemperatureonleafsenescenceandgrainplumpnessduringricegrainfillingDUYan-xiu,SONGXing
4、-nian,ZHANGJing,LIJun-zhou,ZHAOQuan-zhi(AgronomyCollege,RiceEngineeringResearchCenter,HenanAgriculturalniversity,TheIncubationBaseofNationalKeyLaboratoryforPhysiologicalEcologyandGeneticImprovementofFoodCropsinHenanProvince,zhengzhou450002)Abstract:ThejaponicaricevarietyFangxin4wasus
5、edtoresearchtheeffectsofhighnighttemperature(HNT)onchlorophyⅡcontent,enzymesactivitiesrelatedtosenescence(SuperoxideDismutaseSOD,peroxidasePODandcatalaseCAT),MaleicDialdehyde(MDA)content,yieldcomponentsanddynamicgrain-fillingofsuperiorandinferiorspikeletsduringricegrainfillingstagein
6、thefieldculturalcondition.Theresultsshowedunderhighnighttemperature,thechlorophyⅡcontentdecreasedsignificantly,leavessenescenceearlier,shortenedgrain-fillingperiod.EnzymesactivitiesrelatedtosenescenceandMDAcontentwereanalyzedwhichdisplayedunderhighnighttemperature,thepeakofSODactivit
7、yachievedlately5daysduringgrainfillingperiod,andtheactivitysignificantlydecreasedat10dayand25dayafterheading,thepeakofCATactivityachievedearly5daysduringgrainfillingperiod,andCATactivityincreasedsignificantlyat20dayandreducedsignificantlyat25dayafterheading,howeverPODactivitywasnotob
8、viouschanges