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1、VladimirNabokovProblemsofTranslation:OnegininEnglishTHIRTEENVladimirNabokovProblemsofTranslation:OnegininEnglishIconstantlyfindinreviewsofversetranslationsthefollowingkindofthingthatsendsmeintospasmsofhelplessfury:"Mr.(orMiss)So-and-so'stranslationreadssmoothly."Inotherwords,thereviewerofthe
2、"translation,"whoneitherhas,norwouldbeabletohave,withoutspecialstudy,anyknowledgewhatsoeveroftheoriginal,praisesas"readable"animitationonlybecausethedrudgeortherhymsterhassubstitutedeasyplatitudesforthebreathtakingintricaciesofthetext."Readable,"indeed!Aschoolboy'sbonerislessofamockeryinrega
3、rdtotheancientmasterpiecethanitscommercialinterpretationorpoetization."Rhyme"rhymeswith"crime,"whenHomerorHamletarerhymed.Theterm"freetranslation"smacksofknaveryandtyranny.Itiswhenthetranslatorsetsouttorenderthe"spirit"—notthetextualsense—thathebeginstotraducehisauthor.Theclumsiestliteraltr
4、anslationisathousandtimesmoreusefulthantheprettiestparaphrase.ForthelastfiveyearsorsoIhavebeenengaged,onandoff,intranslatingandannotatingPushkin'sOnegin.InthecourseofthisworkIhavelearnedsomefactsandcometocertainconclusions.First,thefacts.Thenovelisconcernedwiththeafflictions,affections,andfor
5、tunesofthreeyoungmen—Onegin,thebitterleanfop,Lenski,thetemperamentalminorpoet,andPushkin,theirfriend—andofthreeyoungladies—Tatiana,Olga,andPushkin'sMuse.Itseventstakeplacebetweentheendof1819andthespringof1825.Thesceneshiftsfromthecapitaltothecountryside(midwaybetweenOpochkaandMoscow),andthen
6、cetoMoscowandbacktoPetersburg.Thereisadescriptionofayoungrake'sdayintown;rurallandscapesandrurallibraries;adreamandaduel;variousfestivitiesincountryandcity;andavarietyofromantic,satiricalandbibliographicdigressionsthatlendwonderfuldepthandcolortothething.Oneginhimselfis,ofcourse,aliteraryphen
7、omenon,notalocalorhistoricalone.ChildeHarold,theheroofByron's"romaunt"(1812),whose"earlyyouth[hadbeen]misspentinmaddestwhim,"whohas"mopingfits,"whoisbidtoloathhispresentstatebya"wearinesswhichspringsfromall[he]meets,"isreallyonlyarelative,no