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1、动词不定式动名词的构成形式动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成;动名词由动词+ing构成。主动式有:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式;被动式有:一般式、进行式和完成式。时态语态主动被动一般式动词不定式todotobedone动名词doingbeingdone进形式动词不定式tobedoingtobebeingdone动名词doingbeingdone完成式动词不定式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词havingdonehavingbeendone完成进形式动词不定式tohavebeendoing动名词havin
2、gbeendoing动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解一.做主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+todo It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold. ②Ittakessb.+sometime+todo Howlongdiditt
3、akeyoutofinishthework? ③It+be+形容词+forsb.+todo Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour. ④It+be+形容词+ofsb.+todo Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays. ⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todo Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型③中,常用表示客观情
4、况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb.,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于sb.is+形容词+todo句式,如:It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.
5、 ⒉动名词做主语 Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood. 动名词做主语时,也常用It句式。如: ①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing… It'snogoodreadingindimlight. It'snousesittingherewaiting. ②It's+形容词+doing It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays. 这样用的形容词有expensive,nic
6、e,tiring等,但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It'simportantforyoutokeepfit. ③Thereisno+doing Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.Thereisnodenyingthathehasstolenthebike. 在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It'simpossibleto…"结构。 ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在
7、一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如: It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat. It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat. ②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如: It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules. 二、作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,deman
8、d,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如: Ideci