美国文学史选读·考试资料

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1、-美国文学选读复习资料浪漫主义AmericanRomanticismTheRomanticPeriodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticismTheyoungRepublicwasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyand

2、culturallyindependentcountry.TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexerte

3、dgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues.爱默生Emerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.AmericanTranscendentalismAsaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRe

4、naissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.Transcendentalistsspokeforthecultural.---rejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.Transcende

5、ntalism超验主义(+H.D.Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualisthemo

6、stimportantelementofSociety.个体+社会③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasnotpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.自然+上帝Emerson’s代表作：Nature；Self-Reliance；TheAmericanScholar；TheOver-soul；H.D.Thoreau梭罗

7、andhisworkWalden瓦尔登湖notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscendentalphilosophy.HenryWadsworthLongfellow朗费罗FeaturesofLongfellow’spoeticworksChiefromantictendenciesashumanitarianattitude,loveofnatureandloveofbeauty.T

8、hefirstAmericanpoettowritenarrativepoems.ConventionalstyleandsubjectsGenerallysimpleideasexpressedmusicallyandpowerfu