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时间:2018-12-08
《制药工程专业英语课文翻译1 5 11 13 16单元原文加翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Unit1ProductionofDrugsDependingontheirproductionororiginpharmaceuticalagentscanbesplitintothreegroups:I.Totallysyntheticmaterials(synthetics),Ⅱ.Naturalproducts,andⅢ.Productsfrompartialsyntheses(semi-syntheticproducts).TheemphasisofthepresentbookisonthemostimportantcompoundsofgroupsIandⅢ一thusDru
2、gsynthesis.Thisdoesnotmean,however,thatnaturalproductsorotheragentsarelessimportant.Theycanserveasvaluableleadstructures,andtheyarefrequentlyneededasstartingmaterialsorasintermediatesforimportantsyntheticproducts.Table1givesanoverviewofthedifferentmethodsforobtainingpharmaceuticalagents.1单元生产的药
3、品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类:1。完全(合成纤维)合成材料,Ⅱ。天然产物,和Ⅲ。产品从(半合成产品)的部分合成。本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。这并不意味着,但是,天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。它们可以作为有价值的领导结构,他们常常为原料,或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。表1给出了获取药剂的不同方法的概述。Table1PossibilitiesforthepreparationofdrugsMethodsExamples1.Totalsynthesis-over75%ofallpharmaceuticalagents(synthetics)2.Isol
4、ationfromnaturalsources(naturalproducts):2.1Plants-alkaloids;enzymes;heartglycosides;polysaccharides;tocopherol;steroidprecursors(diosgenin,sitosterin);citral(intermediateproductforvitaminsA,E,andK)2.2Animalorgans一enzymes;peptidehormones;cholicacidfromgall;insulin)fromthepancreas;seraandvaccine
5、s2.3Othersources一cholesterolfromwooloils;L-aminoacidsfromkeratinandgelatinehydrolysates3.Fermentation一antibiotics;L-aminoacids;dextran;targetedmodificationsonsteroids,e.g.11-hydroxylation;alsoinsulin,interferon,antibodies,peptidehormones,enzymes,vaccines4.Partialsyntheticmodificationofnaturalpr
6、oducts(semisyntheticagents):一alkaloidcompounds;semisynthetic/3-lactamantibiotics;steroids;humaninsulinSeveraltherapeuticallysignificantnaturalproductswhichwereoriginallyobtainedfromnaturalsourcesaretodaymoreeffectively-i.e.moreeconomically-prepared..bytotalsynthesis.SuchexamplesincludeL-aminoac
7、ids,Chloramphenicol,Caffeine,Dopamine,Epinephrine,Levodopa,peptidehormones,Prostaglandins,D-Penicillamine,Vincamine,andpracticallyallvitamins.表1对药物的可能性准备方法举例1。全合成,超过75%的药剂(合成纤维)2。分离(天然产物)天然来源: 2.1植物-生物碱;酶;心甙,多糖,维生素E;
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