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时间:2018-07-17
《制药工程专业英语课文翻译15111316单元原文加翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Unit1ProductionofDrugsDependingontheirproductionororiginpharmaceuticalagentscanbesplitintothreegroups:I.Totallysyntheticmaterials(synthetics),Ⅱ.Naturalproducts,andⅢ.Productsfrompartialsyntheses(semi-syntheticproducts).Theemphasisofthepresentbookisonthemostimportant
2、compoundsofgroupsIandⅢ一thusDrugsynthesis.Thisdoesnotmean,however,thatnaturalproductsorotheragentsarelessimportant.Theycanserveasvaluableleadstructures,andtheyarefrequentlyneededasstartingmaterialsorasintermediatesforimportantsyntheticproducts.Table1givesanoverviewo
3、fthedifferentmethodsforobtainingpharmaceuticalagents.1单元生产的药品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类:1。完全(合成纤维)合成材料,Ⅱ。天然产物,和Ⅲ。产品从(半合成产品)的部分合成。本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。这并不意味着,但是,天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。它们可以作为有价值的领导结构,他们常常为原料,或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。表1给出了获取药剂的不同方法的概述。Table1Possibilitiesforthepreparatio
4、nofdrugsMethodsExamples1.Totalsynthesis-over75%ofallpharmaceuticalagents(synthetics)2.Isolationfromnaturalsources(naturalproducts):2.1Plants-alkaloids;enzymes;heartglycosides;polysaccharides;tocopherol;steroidprecursors(diosgenin,sitosterin);citral(intermediateprod
5、uctforvitaminsA,E,andK)2.2Animalorgans一enzymes;peptidehormones;cholicacidfromgall;insulin)fromthepancreas;seraandvaccines2.3Othersources一cholesterolfromwooloils;L-aminoacidsfromkeratinandgelatinehydrolysates3.Fermentation一antibiotics;L-aminoacids;dextran;targetedmo
6、dificationsonsteroids,e.g.11-hydroxylation;alsoinsulin,interferon,antibodies,peptidehormones,enzymes,vaccines4.Partialsyntheticmodificationofnaturalproducts(semisyntheticagents):一alkaloidcompounds;semisynthetic/3-lactamantibiotics;steroids;humaninsulinSeveraltherap
7、euticallysignificantnaturalproductswhichwereoriginallyobtainedfromnaturalsourcesaretodaymoreeffectively-i.e.moreeconomically-prepared..bytotalsynthesis.SuchexamplesincludeL-aminoacids,Chloramphenicol,Caffeine,Dopamine,Epinephrine,Levodopa,peptidehormones,Prostaglan
8、dins,D-Penicillamine,Vincamine,andpracticallyallvitamins.表1对药物的可能性准备方法举例1。全合成,超过75%的药剂(合成纤维)2。分离(天然产物)天然来源: 2.1植物-生物碱;酶;心甙,多糖,维生素E;
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